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Abstract
Correlations of monthly mean sea level variations along the Pacific Ocean margin are used to define length scales. In the northeast quadrant a minimum length scale at about 38°N separates two distinct regimes of longer length scale. This transition corresponds to a change from a regime north of 38° that is dominated by local atmospheric forcing to a regime south of 38° that is dominated by remote forcing. In the northwest quadrant a transition occurs near 35°N near the point of the separation of the Kuroshio. A transition at about 30°S in the southwest quadrant is associated with the southernmost extent of the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia. In the southeast quadrant, a transition is observed at 18°S that may be due to a sharp change in the direction of the South American coastline. In general. tropical length scale values of 800 to 3100 km are separated from midlatitude values of 700 to 1300 km by a narrow region in which length scales are as short as 250 km. These results suggest the need for latitude-dependent criteria for the spacing of tide gauges in a global oceanographic sea level system.
Abstract
Correlations of monthly mean sea level variations along the Pacific Ocean margin are used to define length scales. In the northeast quadrant a minimum length scale at about 38°N separates two distinct regimes of longer length scale. This transition corresponds to a change from a regime north of 38° that is dominated by local atmospheric forcing to a regime south of 38° that is dominated by remote forcing. In the northwest quadrant a transition occurs near 35°N near the point of the separation of the Kuroshio. A transition at about 30°S in the southwest quadrant is associated with the southernmost extent of the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia. In the southeast quadrant, a transition is observed at 18°S that may be due to a sharp change in the direction of the South American coastline. In general. tropical length scale values of 800 to 3100 km are separated from midlatitude values of 700 to 1300 km by a narrow region in which length scales are as short as 250 km. These results suggest the need for latitude-dependent criteria for the spacing of tide gauges in a global oceanographic sea level system.
Abstract
Preventing heat-associated morbidity and mortality is a public health priority in Maricopa County, Arizona (United States). The objective of this project was to evaluate Maricopa County cooling centers and gain insight into their capacity to provide relief for the public during extreme heat events. During the summer of 2014, 53 cooling centers were evaluated to assess facility and visitor characteristics. Maricopa County staff collected data by directly observing daily operations and by surveying managers and visitors. The cooling centers in Maricopa County were often housed within community, senior, or religious centers, which offered various services for at least 1500 individuals daily. Many visitors were unemployed and/or homeless. Many learned about a cooling center by word of mouth or by having seen the cooling center’s location. The cooling centers provide a valuable service and reach some of the region’s most vulnerable populations. This project is among the first to systematically evaluate cooling centers from a public health perspective and provides helpful insight to community leaders who are implementing or improving their own network of cooling centers.
Abstract
Preventing heat-associated morbidity and mortality is a public health priority in Maricopa County, Arizona (United States). The objective of this project was to evaluate Maricopa County cooling centers and gain insight into their capacity to provide relief for the public during extreme heat events. During the summer of 2014, 53 cooling centers were evaluated to assess facility and visitor characteristics. Maricopa County staff collected data by directly observing daily operations and by surveying managers and visitors. The cooling centers in Maricopa County were often housed within community, senior, or religious centers, which offered various services for at least 1500 individuals daily. Many visitors were unemployed and/or homeless. Many learned about a cooling center by word of mouth or by having seen the cooling center’s location. The cooling centers provide a valuable service and reach some of the region’s most vulnerable populations. This project is among the first to systematically evaluate cooling centers from a public health perspective and provides helpful insight to community leaders who are implementing or improving their own network of cooling centers.
