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On the basis of a review of the abstracts of articles published in the last 5 years or so a summary has been prepared of Soviet research activity in the field of radar meteorology. A wide spectrum of topics has been getting some study, but in recent years, Soviet scientists have been giving particular attention to the following areas of research: calculations of the scattering and attenuation cross sections of various hydrometeors; the use of Doppler radar to study the turbulent properties of the atmosphere; the development of procedures by which the characteristics of radar echoes can be used to identify cloud and hydrometeor types, with particular emphasis on the discrimination of severe thunderstorms from other precipitating cloud systems; the detection and measurement of hail; and the measurement of precipitation.
On the basis of a review of the abstracts of articles published in the last 5 years or so a summary has been prepared of Soviet research activity in the field of radar meteorology. A wide spectrum of topics has been getting some study, but in recent years, Soviet scientists have been giving particular attention to the following areas of research: calculations of the scattering and attenuation cross sections of various hydrometeors; the use of Doppler radar to study the turbulent properties of the atmosphere; the development of procedures by which the characteristics of radar echoes can be used to identify cloud and hydrometeor types, with particular emphasis on the discrimination of severe thunderstorms from other precipitating cloud systems; the detection and measurement of hail; and the measurement of precipitation.
The use of radar-reflecting chaff for making measurements of wind velocity and divergence is discussed. Data are presented to illustrate how the chaff technique can be used in studies of phenomena of various scales.
The use of radar-reflecting chaff for making measurements of wind velocity and divergence is discussed. Data are presented to illustrate how the chaff technique can be used in studies of phenomena of various scales.
A review of the referencing practices in selected journals published in the United States, the Soviet Union, and England shows that cloud physicists rely to a great extent on material published in the native languages of the authors. This practice has persisted for more than two decades and demonstrates a degree of chauvinism not appropriate in a scientific discipline.
A review of the referencing practices in selected journals published in the United States, the Soviet Union, and England shows that cloud physicists rely to a great extent on material published in the native languages of the authors. This practice has persisted for more than two decades and demonstrates a degree of chauvinism not appropriate in a scientific discipline.
Statistics on tornado path lengths have been examined, and estimates are made of average path lengths and durations of individual tornadoes.
Statistics on tornado path lengths have been examined, and estimates are made of average path lengths and durations of individual tornadoes.
On the basis of a review of abstracts of articles published mostly since 1969, a summary has been prepared of Soviet research in weather modification. A wide spectrum of problems is being studied. Hail suppression and precipitation stimulation still are major areas of activity in the USSR. In recent years, Soviet scientists have begun research on the lightning suppression, the dissipation of convective clouds, and the use of heat for the dissipation of warm fog and stratus. The articles surveyed show little evidence that Soviet scientists, unlike their American counterparts, are convinced of the value of randomized experiments in the evaluation of cloud-seeding hypotheses. There is no evidence in this literature that the modification of large scale weather phenomena is being actively investigated in the Soviet Union.
On the basis of a review of abstracts of articles published mostly since 1969, a summary has been prepared of Soviet research in weather modification. A wide spectrum of problems is being studied. Hail suppression and precipitation stimulation still are major areas of activity in the USSR. In recent years, Soviet scientists have begun research on the lightning suppression, the dissipation of convective clouds, and the use of heat for the dissipation of warm fog and stratus. The articles surveyed show little evidence that Soviet scientists, unlike their American counterparts, are convinced of the value of randomized experiments in the evaluation of cloud-seeding hypotheses. There is no evidence in this literature that the modification of large scale weather phenomena is being actively investigated in the Soviet Union.
