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Abstract
Using as bases the amount of clothing needed to achieve thermal comfort and the reduction in the skin's resistance needed to obtain thermal equilibrium, the relative sultriness of warm-humid and hot-arid summer climates is assessed. Conditions of equal sultriness are referred to a vapor pressure of 1.6 kPa in order to prepare a table of apparent temperature corresponding to summer temperatures and humidities.
Abstract
Using as bases the amount of clothing needed to achieve thermal comfort and the reduction in the skin's resistance needed to obtain thermal equilibrium, the relative sultriness of warm-humid and hot-arid summer climates is assessed. Conditions of equal sultriness are referred to a vapor pressure of 1.6 kPa in order to prepare a table of apparent temperature corresponding to summer temperatures and humidities.
Abstract
A scale is derived in which any likely combination of summer temperature, humidity, wind and extra radiation can be expressed as apparent temperature. The effect of extra radiation (direct and indirect insolation; terrestrial and sky radiation) is considerable. The effect of wind is relatively slight in summer. The total direct effect of altitude (barometric pressure) is negligible. These results are compared with the use of globe thermometers and linear formulas. Maps show wind and extra-radiation effects which combine with ambient temperature and humidity to give the distribution of summer-noon apparent temperature in Anglo-America.
Abstract
A scale is derived in which any likely combination of summer temperature, humidity, wind and extra radiation can be expressed as apparent temperature. The effect of extra radiation (direct and indirect insolation; terrestrial and sky radiation) is considerable. The effect of wind is relatively slight in summer. The total direct effect of altitude (barometric pressure) is negligible. These results are compared with the use of globe thermometers and linear formulas. Maps show wind and extra-radiation effects which combine with ambient temperature and humidity to give the distribution of summer-noon apparent temperature in Anglo-America.
Abstract
The concept of windchill as a measure of the combined effects of low temperature and wind is reviewed. An analysis is presented of the effect of these variables on a person dressed for cold climates and takes account of all important modes of heat loss, including breathing and heat transfer through clothing. This analysis leads to two chief indices of windchill: the windchill equivalent temperature, which is tabulated and compared with existing tables, and the clothing thickness required to maintain a person in thermal equilibrium. The distributions of clothing thickness and of the windchill of exposed skin at 30C are described.
Abstract
The concept of windchill as a measure of the combined effects of low temperature and wind is reviewed. An analysis is presented of the effect of these variables on a person dressed for cold climates and takes account of all important modes of heat loss, including breathing and heat transfer through clothing. This analysis leads to two chief indices of windchill: the windchill equivalent temperature, which is tabulated and compared with existing tables, and the clothing thickness required to maintain a person in thermal equilibrium. The distributions of clothing thickness and of the windchill of exposed skin at 30C are described.
