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pasturelands Multiple studies show that reindeer avoid areas with anthropogenic activities for up to several kilometers and females with calves are particularly sensitive to encroachments ( Skarin and Åhman 2014 ; Anttonen et al. 2011 ). The herder’s ability to adapt to animal avoidance behavior by using alternative pastures and migration routes is limited (e.g., Risvoll and Hovelsrud 2016 ; Eira et al. 2018 ). The Planning and Building Act (PBA) stipulates that reindeer husbandry is included in
pasturelands Multiple studies show that reindeer avoid areas with anthropogenic activities for up to several kilometers and females with calves are particularly sensitive to encroachments ( Skarin and Åhman 2014 ; Anttonen et al. 2011 ). The herder’s ability to adapt to animal avoidance behavior by using alternative pastures and migration routes is limited (e.g., Risvoll and Hovelsrud 2016 ; Eira et al. 2018 ). The Planning and Building Act (PBA) stipulates that reindeer husbandry is included in
: Traditional capacity for weather prediction, variability and coping strategies in the front line states of Nigeria . Agric. Sci. , 3 , 625 – 630 , doi: 10.4236/as.2012.34075 . Shoko, K. , 2012 : Indigenous weather forecasting systems: A case study of the biotic weather forecasting indicators for wards 12 and 13 in Mberengwa District Zimbabwe . J. Sustainable Dev. Africa , 14 , 92 – 114 . Tiwari, R. , and Tiwari S. , 2011 : Animals: A natural messenger for disasters . J. Nat. Prod. , 4 , 3
: Traditional capacity for weather prediction, variability and coping strategies in the front line states of Nigeria . Agric. Sci. , 3 , 625 – 630 , doi: 10.4236/as.2012.34075 . Shoko, K. , 2012 : Indigenous weather forecasting systems: A case study of the biotic weather forecasting indicators for wards 12 and 13 in Mberengwa District Zimbabwe . J. Sustainable Dev. Africa , 14 , 92 – 114 . Tiwari, R. , and Tiwari S. , 2011 : Animals: A natural messenger for disasters . J. Nat. Prod. , 4 , 3
tell us how about the birthing of wild animals—if they are birthing early or late, it will have an effect on the early winter.” He went on, “Some animals like squirrels will get a growth of hair, but it’s been hard for me to detect. The animals that were in his era are not in my era. It’s changed. There’s not as many squirrels here as there used to be to look at, to study. I suspect that my grandfather studied that, whatever he could see or looked at.” Regarding his own farm animals, he said, “I
tell us how about the birthing of wild animals—if they are birthing early or late, it will have an effect on the early winter.” He went on, “Some animals like squirrels will get a growth of hair, but it’s been hard for me to detect. The animals that were in his era are not in my era. It’s changed. There’s not as many squirrels here as there used to be to look at, to study. I suspect that my grandfather studied that, whatever he could see or looked at.” Regarding his own farm animals, he said, “I
more high yielding and drought resistant than hybrid seed available in the markets ( Pande and Akermann 2008 ). In animal husbandry, rural households respond to climate change effects through the use of disease-resistant local breeds. In South Africa, local cattle breeds such as the Nguni have been found to be well adapted to poor-quality grazing conditions ( Musemwa et al. 2012 ). During periods of chronic drought in southern Africa (including Botswana), it was observed that rainmakers engage in
more high yielding and drought resistant than hybrid seed available in the markets ( Pande and Akermann 2008 ). In animal husbandry, rural households respond to climate change effects through the use of disease-resistant local breeds. In South Africa, local cattle breeds such as the Nguni have been found to be well adapted to poor-quality grazing conditions ( Musemwa et al. 2012 ). During periods of chronic drought in southern Africa (including Botswana), it was observed that rainmakers engage in
fruits found in Matutúine District ( Shaffer 2005 ). Wildlife conflict is a perennial problem in the study communities. While many animal species raid fields and consume wild fruits, residents consider elephants to be the worst offenders. Elephants eat the crops and wild fruits, and destroy wild fruit trees by breaking branches or pulling the tree up. Local farmers may hunt bush pigs ( Potamochoerus larvatus ) that raid their fields. However, residents rely on the adjacent reserve to chase elephants
fruits found in Matutúine District ( Shaffer 2005 ). Wildlife conflict is a perennial problem in the study communities. While many animal species raid fields and consume wild fruits, residents consider elephants to be the worst offenders. Elephants eat the crops and wild fruits, and destroy wild fruit trees by breaking branches or pulling the tree up. Local farmers may hunt bush pigs ( Potamochoerus larvatus ) that raid their fields. However, residents rely on the adjacent reserve to chase elephants
bowhead whale is the foundational entity through which all elements of Arctic life are integrated—sea, land, animal, and human. Indeed, the bowhead remains central to Iñupiaq life and sustains traditional rituals and ceremonies ( Boeri 1983 ; Stoker and Krupnik 1993 ; Bodenhorn 2001 ; Brewster 2004 ; Hess 1999 ; Lowenstein 1992 , 1993 ; Turner 1990 , 1993 ; Sakakibara 2008 , 2009 , 2010 ; Zumwalt 1988 ). Fig . 1. Map of the North Slope Borough, Alaska (courtesy of J. Jelacic). Currently
bowhead whale is the foundational entity through which all elements of Arctic life are integrated—sea, land, animal, and human. Indeed, the bowhead remains central to Iñupiaq life and sustains traditional rituals and ceremonies ( Boeri 1983 ; Stoker and Krupnik 1993 ; Bodenhorn 2001 ; Brewster 2004 ; Hess 1999 ; Lowenstein 1992 , 1993 ; Turner 1990 , 1993 ; Sakakibara 2008 , 2009 , 2010 ; Zumwalt 1988 ). Fig . 1. Map of the North Slope Borough, Alaska (courtesy of J. Jelacic). Currently
diversity of climate-sensitive world regions, documents increasingly altered water regimes that are affecting local peoples, plants, and animals ( Thomas and Twyman 2005 ; Salick and Byg 2007 ; Crate and Nuttall 2009 ). In many cases researchers are working toward ascertaining how their research communities perceive these changes. One prominent example is high-latitude research where anthropologists strive to interpret local place-based people’s perceptions of changes in water regimes ( Cruikshank
diversity of climate-sensitive world regions, documents increasingly altered water regimes that are affecting local peoples, plants, and animals ( Thomas and Twyman 2005 ; Salick and Byg 2007 ; Crate and Nuttall 2009 ). In many cases researchers are working toward ascertaining how their research communities perceive these changes. One prominent example is high-latitude research where anthropologists strive to interpret local place-based people’s perceptions of changes in water regimes ( Cruikshank
calendars have the potential to differ even for closely associated communities, as they are often based on the behavior of local plants and animals ( McMillan et al. 2014 ; Rubis and Nakashima 2014 ; http://www.bom.gov.au/iwk/ ) and can vary according to local seasonal phenomena even within islands, for example, the typically drier leeward sides as compared with windier and generally wetter windward side ( McMillan et al. 2014 ). Across Oceania, although documented indigenous seasonal calendars exist
calendars have the potential to differ even for closely associated communities, as they are often based on the behavior of local plants and animals ( McMillan et al. 2014 ; Rubis and Nakashima 2014 ; http://www.bom.gov.au/iwk/ ) and can vary according to local seasonal phenomena even within islands, for example, the typically drier leeward sides as compared with windier and generally wetter windward side ( McMillan et al. 2014 ). Across Oceania, although documented indigenous seasonal calendars exist
—the striking loss and degradation of wilderness and natural ecosystems such as forests and wetlands, resulting in dramatic and accelerating declines in the biodiversity as well as in the bulk biomass of wild plants and animals ( Bar-On et al. 2018 ; Brondizio et al. 2019 ). In fact, many of the currently proposed policies aimed at “saving the climate” may directly conflict with saving nature, often because these two issues are treated as separate challenges ( Bastin et al. 2019 ; Pörtner et al. 2021
—the striking loss and degradation of wilderness and natural ecosystems such as forests and wetlands, resulting in dramatic and accelerating declines in the biodiversity as well as in the bulk biomass of wild plants and animals ( Bar-On et al. 2018 ; Brondizio et al. 2019 ). In fact, many of the currently proposed policies aimed at “saving the climate” may directly conflict with saving nature, often because these two issues are treated as separate challenges ( Bastin et al. 2019 ; Pörtner et al. 2021
western humanism – the supernaturality of the human” (p. 8). Despite these disjunctures, complexity thinking increasingly influences research in fields that touch on climate and environment, including archaeology, urban studies, epidemiology, economics, geography, ecology, and resources and wildlife management. In a lucid example for our theme of climate change, Meadows (2008 , 58–66) illustrated how a complexity mindset aids analysis of capitalist fossil fuel extraction. She demonstrated the
western humanism – the supernaturality of the human” (p. 8). Despite these disjunctures, complexity thinking increasingly influences research in fields that touch on climate and environment, including archaeology, urban studies, epidemiology, economics, geography, ecology, and resources and wildlife management. In a lucid example for our theme of climate change, Meadows (2008 , 58–66) illustrated how a complexity mindset aids analysis of capitalist fossil fuel extraction. She demonstrated the
