Search Results
: Human strategies for coping with El Niño related drought in Amazônia . Climatic Change , 77 , 343 – 361 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-9035-9 . 10.1007/s10584-005-9035-9 Myers , P. , R. Espinosa , C. S. Parr , T. Jones , G. S. Hammond , and T. A. Dewey , 2006 : Animal diversity web. University of Michigan, http://animaldiversity.org . Napitupulu , L. , M. Gueze , and V. Reyes-García , 2016 : Sharing in a context of rural development. A study among a contemporary hunter
: Human strategies for coping with El Niño related drought in Amazônia . Climatic Change , 77 , 343 – 361 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-9035-9 . 10.1007/s10584-005-9035-9 Myers , P. , R. Espinosa , C. S. Parr , T. Jones , G. S. Hammond , and T. A. Dewey , 2006 : Animal diversity web. University of Michigan, http://animaldiversity.org . Napitupulu , L. , M. Gueze , and V. Reyes-García , 2016 : Sharing in a context of rural development. A study among a contemporary hunter
and television in the village, we (villagers) used to read the buds before preparing the bed for paddy seedlings. Like reading the times of bud appearance on the plants, the farmers of the study area also notice the behavior of some specific animals and insects to tell the weather that is to come. For instance, the appearance of a large number of flying termites on the ground in April, a dry month, indicates nearby rainfall. It is a sign to prepare the field for sowing maize. The appearance of a
and television in the village, we (villagers) used to read the buds before preparing the bed for paddy seedlings. Like reading the times of bud appearance on the plants, the farmers of the study area also notice the behavior of some specific animals and insects to tell the weather that is to come. For instance, the appearance of a large number of flying termites on the ground in April, a dry month, indicates nearby rainfall. It is a sign to prepare the field for sowing maize. The appearance of a
). This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the process of changing from a reactive to a proactive policy approach, based on a successful case study. Although droughts affect more people than any other natural hazard, they remain one of the most difficult phenomena to quantify objectively ( Vicente-Serrano et al. 2012 ). Droughts can become a disaster depending on their impact on the local population, the economy, and the environment. The effects of droughts are especially important in
). This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the process of changing from a reactive to a proactive policy approach, based on a successful case study. Although droughts affect more people than any other natural hazard, they remain one of the most difficult phenomena to quantify objectively ( Vicente-Serrano et al. 2012 ). Droughts can become a disaster depending on their impact on the local population, the economy, and the environment. The effects of droughts are especially important in
may be difficult to evacuate, (v) concerns about pets and other animals that may not have shelter if one evacuates, and (vi) not having a hurricane preparedness or evacuation plan ( Blendon et al. 2008 ; Dash and Gladwin 2007 ; Dow and Cutter 1998 , 2000 ; Gladwin and Peacock 1997 ; Horney et al. 2008 ; Whitehead et al. 2000 ). Further, some residents in hurricane warning areas may not evacuate because they have experienced hurricane-related weather conditions previously and believe that
may be difficult to evacuate, (v) concerns about pets and other animals that may not have shelter if one evacuates, and (vi) not having a hurricane preparedness or evacuation plan ( Blendon et al. 2008 ; Dash and Gladwin 2007 ; Dow and Cutter 1998 , 2000 ; Gladwin and Peacock 1997 ; Horney et al. 2008 ; Whitehead et al. 2000 ). Further, some residents in hurricane warning areas may not evacuate because they have experienced hurricane-related weather conditions previously and believe that
1. Introduction The diverse and unique ecosystems of the southwestern Sky Islands ( Fig. 1 ), including the Sacramento Mountains—homeland of the Mescalero Apache Tribe in southern New Mexico—are threatened by rapid warming ( Misztal et al. 2013 ). These islands of forested mountain ranges surrounded by deserts are habitat for numerous species of plants and animals ( McLaughlin 1994 ; Felger and Wilson 1994 ). The unique assemblage of plants and animals is the result of genetic adaptations of
1. Introduction The diverse and unique ecosystems of the southwestern Sky Islands ( Fig. 1 ), including the Sacramento Mountains—homeland of the Mescalero Apache Tribe in southern New Mexico—are threatened by rapid warming ( Misztal et al. 2013 ). These islands of forested mountain ranges surrounded by deserts are habitat for numerous species of plants and animals ( McLaughlin 1994 ; Felger and Wilson 1994 ). The unique assemblage of plants and animals is the result of genetic adaptations of
; Kok et al. 2016 ). Responding to this challenge, various assessment studies have sought to understand the drivers and heterogeneity of vulnerability, generally and within the climate change space, with each approach contributing to the enhancement of the methodology (e.g., Leichenko and O’Brien 2002 ; Füssel and Klein 2006 ; Birkmann 2007 ; Sallu et al. 2010 ; Kok et al. 2016 ). For example, indicator-based approaches, which construct single vulnerability and adaptive-capacity indices (e
; Kok et al. 2016 ). Responding to this challenge, various assessment studies have sought to understand the drivers and heterogeneity of vulnerability, generally and within the climate change space, with each approach contributing to the enhancement of the methodology (e.g., Leichenko and O’Brien 2002 ; Füssel and Klein 2006 ; Birkmann 2007 ; Sallu et al. 2010 ; Kok et al. 2016 ). For example, indicator-based approaches, which construct single vulnerability and adaptive-capacity indices (e
usefully domesticable plants and animals native to the Fertile Crescent of southwestern Asia, and more generally of western Asia. That region indeed was the source of many important plants and animals that were eaten by or used by Europeans as they colonized the world. However, the model would imply that Syria, Iraq, and Iran would have gone on to be, or at least be among, the nations that had colonies in the Americas, Africa, southern and eastern Asia, and Australia. Discrepancies of this sort point
usefully domesticable plants and animals native to the Fertile Crescent of southwestern Asia, and more generally of western Asia. That region indeed was the source of many important plants and animals that were eaten by or used by Europeans as they colonized the world. However, the model would imply that Syria, Iraq, and Iran would have gone on to be, or at least be among, the nations that had colonies in the Americas, Africa, southern and eastern Asia, and Australia. Discrepancies of this sort point
climate information to farmers in order to improve decision making ( Crane et al. 2011 ). Prominent studies from Africa, however, have pointed to a strong disconnect between the parameters and scale of the climate and weather information that African villagers need and those of scientific forecasts ( Ingram et al. 2002 ; Luseno et al. 2003 ). It has, for example, been suggested that most villagers are more interested in downscaled forecasts of the duration and distribution of seasonal rainfall than
climate information to farmers in order to improve decision making ( Crane et al. 2011 ). Prominent studies from Africa, however, have pointed to a strong disconnect between the parameters and scale of the climate and weather information that African villagers need and those of scientific forecasts ( Ingram et al. 2002 ; Luseno et al. 2003 ). It has, for example, been suggested that most villagers are more interested in downscaled forecasts of the duration and distribution of seasonal rainfall than
(>21%) form the major land cover in the landscape. The landscape is largely inhabited by relatively marginalized and indigenous peoples, who hold much knowledge about traditional agriculture and animal husbandry, which forms the major source of their livelihood. Among others, the nomadic pastoralist Bhotiya tribal group, mostly inhabiting high-altitude villages (>2500 m), is well known for rich traditional knowledge and practices. Our study was conducted in 14 villages, of which 7 fall in the
(>21%) form the major land cover in the landscape. The landscape is largely inhabited by relatively marginalized and indigenous peoples, who hold much knowledge about traditional agriculture and animal husbandry, which forms the major source of their livelihood. Among others, the nomadic pastoralist Bhotiya tribal group, mostly inhabiting high-altitude villages (>2500 m), is well known for rich traditional knowledge and practices. Our study was conducted in 14 villages, of which 7 fall in the
-water status, the presence of pollen agents such as insects, birds, and wind (depending on the onset and cessation of rains) play a major role in the flowering of trees ( Bendix et al. 2006 ; Cortés-Flores et al. 2015 ; Singh and Kushwaha 2006 ). 3) Animal indicators (i) Wildlife The study shows that the behavior of wildlife such as chimpanzees and elephants may be an indicator of the onset and cessation of rain ( Table 4 ). Literature shows that wildlife behaviors are widely used as IKF indicators in
-water status, the presence of pollen agents such as insects, birds, and wind (depending on the onset and cessation of rains) play a major role in the flowering of trees ( Bendix et al. 2006 ; Cortés-Flores et al. 2015 ; Singh and Kushwaha 2006 ). 3) Animal indicators (i) Wildlife The study shows that the behavior of wildlife such as chimpanzees and elephants may be an indicator of the onset and cessation of rain ( Table 4 ). Literature shows that wildlife behaviors are widely used as IKF indicators in
