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actors in the management of environmental challenges ( Armitage 2005 ) such as CC; however, they are also among the most vulnerable ( UNPFII 2008 ). Many indigenous communities have traditionally adapted to variations in their environment mainly by a combination of traditional knowledge and learning processes and their social structures, institutions, and internal communal arrangements ( van Aalst et al. 2008 ; Boillat and Berkes 2013 ). Previous studies have demonstrated that the adaptive capacity
actors in the management of environmental challenges ( Armitage 2005 ) such as CC; however, they are also among the most vulnerable ( UNPFII 2008 ). Many indigenous communities have traditionally adapted to variations in their environment mainly by a combination of traditional knowledge and learning processes and their social structures, institutions, and internal communal arrangements ( van Aalst et al. 2008 ; Boillat and Berkes 2013 ). Previous studies have demonstrated that the adaptive capacity
period 2007–16. Droughts in a country like New Zealand, which is heavily dependent on agricultural exports, can severely affect the economy. Estimates suggest that the 2008 drought cost the national economy over USD $1.5 billion ( Butcher and Ford 2009 ), and the 2013 drought lowered annual GDP by 0.6% ( Kamber et al. 2013 ). Droughts can generally lead to a reduction in agriculture production, mainly of pasture-based animal husbandry and unirrigated crop production. See, for example, evidence from
period 2007–16. Droughts in a country like New Zealand, which is heavily dependent on agricultural exports, can severely affect the economy. Estimates suggest that the 2008 drought cost the national economy over USD $1.5 billion ( Butcher and Ford 2009 ), and the 2013 drought lowered annual GDP by 0.6% ( Kamber et al. 2013 ). Droughts can generally lead to a reduction in agriculture production, mainly of pasture-based animal husbandry and unirrigated crop production. See, for example, evidence from
temperature increase ( Broecker 1997 ; Mann et al. 1999 ; Meyer and Kump 2008 ). Increasingly, climate scientists warn the world of the possibilities of increased risks associated with global warming, such as more frequent extreme weather events, more destructive hurricanes, and disruptions in rainfall patterns in major farming areas ( Easterling et al. 2000 ; Houghton et al. 2001 ; Tebaldi et al. 2007 ; UNFCCC 2009 ; Knutson et al. 2010 ; Hansen et al. 2012 ). Economic studies are also
temperature increase ( Broecker 1997 ; Mann et al. 1999 ; Meyer and Kump 2008 ). Increasingly, climate scientists warn the world of the possibilities of increased risks associated with global warming, such as more frequent extreme weather events, more destructive hurricanes, and disruptions in rainfall patterns in major farming areas ( Easterling et al. 2000 ; Houghton et al. 2001 ; Tebaldi et al. 2007 ; UNFCCC 2009 ; Knutson et al. 2010 ; Hansen et al. 2012 ). Economic studies are also
studies highlight a disconnect between disaster risk management needs and the existing products ( Maxwell et al. 2021 ; Levine et al. 2020 ). Information is only useful to humanitarian actors if tailored to their decision-making context ( Coughlan de Perez and Mason 2014 ; Tozier de la Poterie et al. 2018 ; Maxwell et al. 2021 ). Correspondingly, risk management products must incorporate analysis of disaster risk perceptions and corresponding response or mitigation measures. Assessing
studies highlight a disconnect between disaster risk management needs and the existing products ( Maxwell et al. 2021 ; Levine et al. 2020 ). Information is only useful to humanitarian actors if tailored to their decision-making context ( Coughlan de Perez and Mason 2014 ; Tozier de la Poterie et al. 2018 ; Maxwell et al. 2021 ). Correspondingly, risk management products must incorporate analysis of disaster risk perceptions and corresponding response or mitigation measures. Assessing
to have an etic measure of environmental conditions predictive of more difficulty in collecting or growing plants and animals. However, for the present study, we have redone the dimension reduction procedure, narrowing it to include just the variables relating to the number of plant and animal species in the environment and net primary productivity. This is because in this study we need to separate climate variables from resource stress variables. More specifically, for the whole SCCS sample we
to have an etic measure of environmental conditions predictive of more difficulty in collecting or growing plants and animals. However, for the present study, we have redone the dimension reduction procedure, narrowing it to include just the variables relating to the number of plant and animal species in the environment and net primary productivity. This is because in this study we need to separate climate variables from resource stress variables. More specifically, for the whole SCCS sample we
The geographic focus of this study is the designated wilderness of SEKI ( Fig. 1 ). Located in the southern Sierra Nevada range of California, SEKI spans an elevation range from 418 to 4418 m above mean sea level. These national parks cover 3504 km 2 , 97% of which is managed as wilderness ( NPS 2015 ). This area includes glacially carved canyons, lake basins, wet meadows, and montane, subalpine, and alpine forests ( NPS 2015 ). Characteristic animal species in the area include black bear ( Ursus
The geographic focus of this study is the designated wilderness of SEKI ( Fig. 1 ). Located in the southern Sierra Nevada range of California, SEKI spans an elevation range from 418 to 4418 m above mean sea level. These national parks cover 3504 km 2 , 97% of which is managed as wilderness ( NPS 2015 ). This area includes glacially carved canyons, lake basins, wet meadows, and montane, subalpine, and alpine forests ( NPS 2015 ). Characteristic animal species in the area include black bear ( Ursus
emissions by 60%–90% ( Vicente-Vicente and Piorr 2021 ). Using locally sourced foods and reducing the amount of animal-based protein on menus were additional suggestions to encourage GHG reduction and a more sustainably focused food service industry (Hatjiathanassiadou et al. 2019). Separation of food wastes from recyclable packaging wastes for further uses could help to reduce GHG emissions by around 13%. This GHG management measure was suggested in other studies. For example, Jang et al. (2020
emissions by 60%–90% ( Vicente-Vicente and Piorr 2021 ). Using locally sourced foods and reducing the amount of animal-based protein on menus were additional suggestions to encourage GHG reduction and a more sustainably focused food service industry (Hatjiathanassiadou et al. 2019). Separation of food wastes from recyclable packaging wastes for further uses could help to reduce GHG emissions by around 13%. This GHG management measure was suggested in other studies. For example, Jang et al. (2020
requirements. Irrigation efficiencies in the study area are between 30% and 45% on average ( General Directorate of Water Management 2019 ). The low irrigation efficiency is due to problems in the open canal system and the high reliance (85%) on gravity, furrow, and wild irrigation versus much lower use (15%) of pressurized irrigation, sprinkler, and drip irrigation in the study area ( Aydogdu 2019 ). A study conducted in China analyzed the behavioral psychology of farmers in drought control. According to
requirements. Irrigation efficiencies in the study area are between 30% and 45% on average ( General Directorate of Water Management 2019 ). The low irrigation efficiency is due to problems in the open canal system and the high reliance (85%) on gravity, furrow, and wild irrigation versus much lower use (15%) of pressurized irrigation, sprinkler, and drip irrigation in the study area ( Aydogdu 2019 ). A study conducted in China analyzed the behavioral psychology of farmers in drought control. According to
affect a species’ ongoing survival within its native range, and understanding these changes can inform prudent management decisions. Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is required to evaluate the status of at-risk plants and animals in the United States. This evaluation is formally conducted through a species status assessment (SSA), which is a rigorous risk-assessment document developed by the USFWS and prepared for at-risk species to help inform a
affect a species’ ongoing survival within its native range, and understanding these changes can inform prudent management decisions. Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is required to evaluate the status of at-risk plants and animals in the United States. This evaluation is formally conducted through a species status assessment (SSA), which is a rigorous risk-assessment document developed by the USFWS and prepared for at-risk species to help inform a
their farming style. Studies on the late spring frost damage to the Persian walnut ( Juglans regia L. ) are largely focused on the mechanisms, quantifications, technical procedures, and practices to alleviate plant stress ( Beineke 1978 ; Lindow 1983 ) and neglect the social dimension of farmers’ behavioral change. It should come as no surprise then that frost-protection technologies and methods have had limited practical application for local-level users. Reviews of research on determinants of
their farming style. Studies on the late spring frost damage to the Persian walnut ( Juglans regia L. ) are largely focused on the mechanisms, quantifications, technical procedures, and practices to alleviate plant stress ( Beineke 1978 ; Lindow 1983 ) and neglect the social dimension of farmers’ behavioral change. It should come as no surprise then that frost-protection technologies and methods have had limited practical application for local-level users. Reviews of research on determinants of
