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population density and limited land availability for agriculture expansion, and degradation of animal grazing areas exerting pressure on livestock systems. The majority of rural people in the region are vulnerable to climate variability and change ( Sivakumar et al. 2005 ). In this study, we focused on this constrained region and aimed at (i) analyzing farmers’ perception of ongoing climate change, their drivers, and their consistency with past climate observations, (ii) identifying the adaptation
population density and limited land availability for agriculture expansion, and degradation of animal grazing areas exerting pressure on livestock systems. The majority of rural people in the region are vulnerable to climate variability and change ( Sivakumar et al. 2005 ). In this study, we focused on this constrained region and aimed at (i) analyzing farmers’ perception of ongoing climate change, their drivers, and their consistency with past climate observations, (ii) identifying the adaptation
2100. It is also estimated that an increase of temperature between 1.5° and 2.5°C would lead to the extinction of 20%–30% of the existing animal and plant species, while exacerbating food insecurity in developing countries ( FAO 2007 ). In addition, climate change has increased flood risk and drought occurrence, while compromising the integrity and resilience of natural ecosystems, human societies, and economic systems ( Önöy and Bayazit 2003 ). As global warming becomes a more tangible worldwide
2100. It is also estimated that an increase of temperature between 1.5° and 2.5°C would lead to the extinction of 20%–30% of the existing animal and plant species, while exacerbating food insecurity in developing countries ( FAO 2007 ). In addition, climate change has increased flood risk and drought occurrence, while compromising the integrity and resilience of natural ecosystems, human societies, and economic systems ( Önöy and Bayazit 2003 ). As global warming becomes a more tangible worldwide
1. Introduction The study of the impact of news reporting and its dissemination through social media on tourism destinations has gained significant traction over recent years ( Zeng and Gerritsen 2014 ; McLennan et al. 2017 ). Of particular interest is the proliferation of so-called fake news ( Xiang et al. 2017 ; Rampersad and Althiyabi 2020 ) and the potential of misinformation to damage the image of tourism destinations. Rampersad and Althiyabi (2020) define fake news as deliberately
1. Introduction The study of the impact of news reporting and its dissemination through social media on tourism destinations has gained significant traction over recent years ( Zeng and Gerritsen 2014 ; McLennan et al. 2017 ). Of particular interest is the proliferation of so-called fake news ( Xiang et al. 2017 ; Rampersad and Althiyabi 2020 ) and the potential of misinformation to damage the image of tourism destinations. Rampersad and Althiyabi (2020) define fake news as deliberately
1. Introduction Coastal erosion depends on processes with different temporalities, which are established in the short term for few hours-long tempestuous events, in the medium term as the historical outcome of a series of tempestuous events and geomorphological resiliency phases lasting from a few months to several years, and in the long term when considering sea level rise. An increasing number of studies highlight the recognized and alleged effects of climate change on these various
1. Introduction Coastal erosion depends on processes with different temporalities, which are established in the short term for few hours-long tempestuous events, in the medium term as the historical outcome of a series of tempestuous events and geomorphological resiliency phases lasting from a few months to several years, and in the long term when considering sea level rise. An increasing number of studies highlight the recognized and alleged effects of climate change on these various
and Williams 2007 ; Singh et al. 2016 ). In DRR, one may therefore take the value of information to be its usefulness in supporting decision-making for reducing harm from severe weather events and building resilience within communities at risk. Several studies have assessed the value of weather and climate information. However, most have focused on the value of seasonal forecasts for climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture ( Bruno Soares et al. 2018 ) and were mainly conducted in developed
and Williams 2007 ; Singh et al. 2016 ). In DRR, one may therefore take the value of information to be its usefulness in supporting decision-making for reducing harm from severe weather events and building resilience within communities at risk. Several studies have assessed the value of weather and climate information. However, most have focused on the value of seasonal forecasts for climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture ( Bruno Soares et al. 2018 ) and were mainly conducted in developed
distant types of harm (harm to the United States, to future generations, and to plants and animals). Taken together with other effectiveness evaluations of Climate Matters (including Anderson et al. 2013 ; Feygina et al. 2020 ; Zhao et al. 2014 ), this study provides further evidence of the impact of the Climate Matters program. However, it is important to note that there are many limitations inherent in the approach of this analysis. First, there is a low signal-to-noise ratio. There has been
distant types of harm (harm to the United States, to future generations, and to plants and animals). Taken together with other effectiveness evaluations of Climate Matters (including Anderson et al. 2013 ; Feygina et al. 2020 ; Zhao et al. 2014 ), this study provides further evidence of the impact of the Climate Matters program. However, it is important to note that there are many limitations inherent in the approach of this analysis. First, there is a low signal-to-noise ratio. There has been
, F. , 1999 : The story of the power expansion of the Lijiang Mu Chieftains in Tibet . Tibetan Stud. , 2 , 45 – 52 . Pan , X. Y. , 2019 : Preliminary study on the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Ming and Qing Dynasties . Master’s dissertation , Southwestern University , 132 pp. Pederson , N. , A. E. Hessl , N. Baatarbileg , K. J. Anchukaitis , and N. Di Cosmo , 2014 : Pluvials, droughts, the
, F. , 1999 : The story of the power expansion of the Lijiang Mu Chieftains in Tibet . Tibetan Stud. , 2 , 45 – 52 . Pan , X. Y. , 2019 : Preliminary study on the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Ming and Qing Dynasties . Master’s dissertation , Southwestern University , 132 pp. Pederson , N. , A. E. Hessl , N. Baatarbileg , K. J. Anchukaitis , and N. Di Cosmo , 2014 : Pluvials, droughts, the
1. Introduction Studies of natural hazards and disasters across the world continue to garner media and public interest due to the magnitude of risks associated with these events. The natural phenomena, lightning, despite being necessary and beneficial for the purpose of nitrogen fixation (by nitrogen oxides) ( Drapcho et al. 1967 ), is an example of one such significant yet underestimated hazard ( Dlamini 2009 ; Cooper et al. 2016 ; Gomes 2017 ; Cooper and Holle 2019b ). The damaging
1. Introduction Studies of natural hazards and disasters across the world continue to garner media and public interest due to the magnitude of risks associated with these events. The natural phenomena, lightning, despite being necessary and beneficial for the purpose of nitrogen fixation (by nitrogen oxides) ( Drapcho et al. 1967 ), is an example of one such significant yet underestimated hazard ( Dlamini 2009 ; Cooper et al. 2016 ; Gomes 2017 ; Cooper and Holle 2019b ). The damaging
1. Introduction Our knowledge about the spatial and temporal distribution of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning over Europe has improved significantly over the recent years through pan-European (e.g., Anderson and Klugmann 2014 ) and regional studies (e.g., Wapler 2013 ). In contrast, we know far less about the impact of CG lightning, in particular, about the spatial and temporal distribution of lightning-related fatalities and injuries. Holle (2016) , in a review of recent national
1. Introduction Our knowledge about the spatial and temporal distribution of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning over Europe has improved significantly over the recent years through pan-European (e.g., Anderson and Klugmann 2014 ) and regional studies (e.g., Wapler 2013 ). In contrast, we know far less about the impact of CG lightning, in particular, about the spatial and temporal distribution of lightning-related fatalities and injuries. Holle (2016) , in a review of recent national
wild animals is unusually heavy; if the bark of the tree is thicker, and if the squaw-corn [field corn] is heavily covered with shell.” The response writer indicated (on 23 October) “we have had a little snow already, in some places as much as 6 inches, but we are looking forward to our Indian Summer which should soon make its appearance.” The Pima-Maricopa Indian Community Council in Scottsdale, Arizona, related that the Arizona Republic had recently published a report indicating a “brilliantly
wild animals is unusually heavy; if the bark of the tree is thicker, and if the squaw-corn [field corn] is heavily covered with shell.” The response writer indicated (on 23 October) “we have had a little snow already, in some places as much as 6 inches, but we are looking forward to our Indian Summer which should soon make its appearance.” The Pima-Maricopa Indian Community Council in Scottsdale, Arizona, related that the Arizona Republic had recently published a report indicating a “brilliantly
