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specificity of flash flood disaster areas prevents researchers from understanding the inundation process and characteristics, and hydrological–hydraulic models can provide technical methodological support for hazard assessment in flash-flood-prone areas ( Peng and Lu 2013 ; Chen et al. 2022 ). Using the framework of regional disaster assessment, flash flood risk can be expressed quantitatively through economic damage and population damage; related studies mainly focus on economic damage assessment
specificity of flash flood disaster areas prevents researchers from understanding the inundation process and characteristics, and hydrological–hydraulic models can provide technical methodological support for hazard assessment in flash-flood-prone areas ( Peng and Lu 2013 ; Chen et al. 2022 ). Using the framework of regional disaster assessment, flash flood risk can be expressed quantitatively through economic damage and population damage; related studies mainly focus on economic damage assessment
, many farmers still grow crops primarily for human consumption, but, when plants fail to grow, stover is used as animal feed ( Silva and Regitano-Neto 2019 ). As the residents of the semiarid often depend exclusively on the outcomes of agricultural production for their livelihood, they ultimately face the challenge of achieving a sustainable rainfed production with an increasingly limited water supply ( Melo and Voltolini 2019 ). Therefore, climate aridification poses a serious threat on the
, many farmers still grow crops primarily for human consumption, but, when plants fail to grow, stover is used as animal feed ( Silva and Regitano-Neto 2019 ). As the residents of the semiarid often depend exclusively on the outcomes of agricultural production for their livelihood, they ultimately face the challenge of achieving a sustainable rainfed production with an increasingly limited water supply ( Melo and Voltolini 2019 ). Therefore, climate aridification poses a serious threat on the
-making framework used to issue threat tags as a concern. WFs were also more concerned about the accuracy of the tags and whether or not the tags conveyed helpful information about potential impacts. One recent experimental study is also informative concerning the potential beneficial effects of enhanced tornado warnings. Ripberger et al. (2015) examined the influence of consequence-based tornado messages on the likelihood of taking protective action. Ripberger et al. presented a survey to two large samples
-making framework used to issue threat tags as a concern. WFs were also more concerned about the accuracy of the tags and whether or not the tags conveyed helpful information about potential impacts. One recent experimental study is also informative concerning the potential beneficial effects of enhanced tornado warnings. Ripberger et al. (2015) examined the influence of consequence-based tornado messages on the likelihood of taking protective action. Ripberger et al. presented a survey to two large samples
and attitudes toward adaptation reveals important insights about the heterogeneity of perceptions in Canada and elsewhere. A study of British Columbia livestock farmers recently showed that a majority of that group acknowledged the reality of human-caused climate change, particularly among the more recent entrants to the industry ( Cox et al. 2015 ). Markedly less likely to acknowledge anthropogenic climate change, Albertans (as well as residents of Manitoba and Saskatchewan) are more
and attitudes toward adaptation reveals important insights about the heterogeneity of perceptions in Canada and elsewhere. A study of British Columbia livestock farmers recently showed that a majority of that group acknowledged the reality of human-caused climate change, particularly among the more recent entrants to the industry ( Cox et al. 2015 ). Markedly less likely to acknowledge anthropogenic climate change, Albertans (as well as residents of Manitoba and Saskatchewan) are more
guided a meaningful and ethical response. Posas (2007) argues that religion supports ethical actions on climate change through providing a long-term perspective, defining and discouraging unhealthy practices, and educating their followers. However, while some Christian denominations have become more active on environmental issues, studies of individuals have not shown a positive relationship ( Konisky 2018 ). Evangelical fundamentalism is the most consistent factor in determining perceptions of
guided a meaningful and ethical response. Posas (2007) argues that religion supports ethical actions on climate change through providing a long-term perspective, defining and discouraging unhealthy practices, and educating their followers. However, while some Christian denominations have become more active on environmental issues, studies of individuals have not shown a positive relationship ( Konisky 2018 ). Evangelical fundamentalism is the most consistent factor in determining perceptions of
trapped animal). Recent studies have shown that the number of fire service operations, or the number of requests received by the meteorological services related to insurance claims, may be efficiently used as proxy measures of the material damage and as indicators of the social impact of flash floods ( Amaro et al. 2010 ; BarberÃa et al. 2014 ; Papagiannaki et al. 2015 ). In this paper, the hypothesis that the more severe the rainfall, the higher the number of emergency calls, was tested. The
trapped animal). Recent studies have shown that the number of fire service operations, or the number of requests received by the meteorological services related to insurance claims, may be efficiently used as proxy measures of the material damage and as indicators of the social impact of flash floods ( Amaro et al. 2010 ; BarberÃa et al. 2014 ; Papagiannaki et al. 2015 ). In this paper, the hypothesis that the more severe the rainfall, the higher the number of emergency calls, was tested. The
the climate continues to warm ( IPCC 2014 ). Public perception of climate change, including the causes, consequences, and associated risks to human health and well-being, has been investigated across multiple social and behavioral science disciplines ( Swim et al. 2009 , 2011 ; Dunlap and Brulle 2015 ). One of the persistent challenges, however, has been to identify the effects (if any) that physical changes to the environment (e.g., weather, plant and animal life, pollution) and geographically
the climate continues to warm ( IPCC 2014 ). Public perception of climate change, including the causes, consequences, and associated risks to human health and well-being, has been investigated across multiple social and behavioral science disciplines ( Swim et al. 2009 , 2011 ; Dunlap and Brulle 2015 ). One of the persistent challenges, however, has been to identify the effects (if any) that physical changes to the environment (e.g., weather, plant and animal life, pollution) and geographically
. 2012 ), transportation [ National Research Council (NRC) 2004 ], aviation services and military operations ( Ghirardelli and Glahn 2010 ), wildfire risk and agricultural production ( Reid et al. 2010 ; Johansson et al. 2015 ; Lin et al. 2013 ), engineering ( Liu et al. 2007 ), human health ( Kunkel et al. 1999 ), and air quality ( Morris et al. 2001 ). These previous studies constitute only a selection of sectors relying on weather information for a wide range of decision-making processes
. 2012 ), transportation [ National Research Council (NRC) 2004 ], aviation services and military operations ( Ghirardelli and Glahn 2010 ), wildfire risk and agricultural production ( Reid et al. 2010 ; Johansson et al. 2015 ; Lin et al. 2013 ), engineering ( Liu et al. 2007 ), human health ( Kunkel et al. 1999 ), and air quality ( Morris et al. 2001 ). These previous studies constitute only a selection of sectors relying on weather information for a wide range of decision-making processes
infrastructures, among others. In this way, politicians and public authorities could prioritize those areas that require specific management actions. 2. The study area physical environment and flood risk The trend of floods within the European continent shows increasing numbers since the 1980s, mainly due to the constant rise of meteorological events ( Munich Re 2012 ). Twenty-six major flood disasters were recorded between 2003 and 2009, mostly affecting Romania, the United Kingdom, and Italy ( CRED EM
infrastructures, among others. In this way, politicians and public authorities could prioritize those areas that require specific management actions. 2. The study area physical environment and flood risk The trend of floods within the European continent shows increasing numbers since the 1980s, mainly due to the constant rise of meteorological events ( Munich Re 2012 ). Twenty-six major flood disasters were recorded between 2003 and 2009, mostly affecting Romania, the United Kingdom, and Italy ( CRED EM
sections, thus utilizing the space not usable otherwise for crop planting or animal grazing. Thus, the same WxUAS technology could be applied both for wind energy purposes and farming purposes (as described in the previous section) at that same location, thus generating cumulative and compounded benefits for farmers. Also, studies have shown that sodars and lidars have already been supplanted with UAS to reduce the cost of data collection ( Nagy and Jahn 2019 ). Optimizing turbine location for maximum
sections, thus utilizing the space not usable otherwise for crop planting or animal grazing. Thus, the same WxUAS technology could be applied both for wind energy purposes and farming purposes (as described in the previous section) at that same location, thus generating cumulative and compounded benefits for farmers. Also, studies have shown that sodars and lidars have already been supplanted with UAS to reduce the cost of data collection ( Nagy and Jahn 2019 ). Optimizing turbine location for maximum
