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pasturelands Multiple studies show that reindeer avoid areas with anthropogenic activities for up to several kilometers and females with calves are particularly sensitive to encroachments ( Skarin and Åhman 2014 ; Anttonen et al. 2011 ). The herder’s ability to adapt to animal avoidance behavior by using alternative pastures and migration routes is limited (e.g., Risvoll and Hovelsrud 2016 ; Eira et al. 2018 ). The Planning and Building Act (PBA) stipulates that reindeer husbandry is included in
pasturelands Multiple studies show that reindeer avoid areas with anthropogenic activities for up to several kilometers and females with calves are particularly sensitive to encroachments ( Skarin and Åhman 2014 ; Anttonen et al. 2011 ). The herder’s ability to adapt to animal avoidance behavior by using alternative pastures and migration routes is limited (e.g., Risvoll and Hovelsrud 2016 ; Eira et al. 2018 ). The Planning and Building Act (PBA) stipulates that reindeer husbandry is included in
—the striking loss and degradation of wilderness and natural ecosystems such as forests and wetlands, resulting in dramatic and accelerating declines in the biodiversity as well as in the bulk biomass of wild plants and animals ( Bar-On et al. 2018 ; Brondizio et al. 2019 ). In fact, many of the currently proposed policies aimed at “saving the climate” may directly conflict with saving nature, often because these two issues are treated as separate challenges ( Bastin et al. 2019 ; Pörtner et al. 2021
—the striking loss and degradation of wilderness and natural ecosystems such as forests and wetlands, resulting in dramatic and accelerating declines in the biodiversity as well as in the bulk biomass of wild plants and animals ( Bar-On et al. 2018 ; Brondizio et al. 2019 ). In fact, many of the currently proposed policies aimed at “saving the climate” may directly conflict with saving nature, often because these two issues are treated as separate challenges ( Bastin et al. 2019 ; Pörtner et al. 2021
; IPCC 2012 ) and IPCC AR5 (see IPCC 2014 ; Huq et al. 2014 ) adopted a risk assessment framework for climate change impacts. Other influential and related works include the Crichton’s Risk Triangle ( Crichton 1999 ) the Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis Handbook ( Daze et al. 2009 ) and the Methods for the Improvement of Vulnerability Assessment in Europe (MOVE) framework ( Birkmann et al. 2013 ). Moreover, other older studies, and more recent ones as well, support the integration of CCA
; IPCC 2012 ) and IPCC AR5 (see IPCC 2014 ; Huq et al. 2014 ) adopted a risk assessment framework for climate change impacts. Other influential and related works include the Crichton’s Risk Triangle ( Crichton 1999 ) the Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis Handbook ( Daze et al. 2009 ) and the Methods for the Improvement of Vulnerability Assessment in Europe (MOVE) framework ( Birkmann et al. 2013 ). Moreover, other older studies, and more recent ones as well, support the integration of CCA
