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period on the flight deck of the ice breaker Des Groseilliers , which provided a stable platform and where technical support personnel was readily available, the two North Slope facilities presented greater challenges. These facilities had to be located close to, but with limited impact from, two local communities. The North Slope land areas consist mostly of tundra, the top of the Arctic permafrost. In the short summer months, the top layer of the permafrost melts, leaving the ground soggy and wet
period on the flight deck of the ice breaker Des Groseilliers , which provided a stable platform and where technical support personnel was readily available, the two North Slope facilities presented greater challenges. These facilities had to be located close to, but with limited impact from, two local communities. The North Slope land areas consist mostly of tundra, the top of the Arctic permafrost. In the short summer months, the top layer of the permafrost melts, leaving the ground soggy and wet
frontal position might be important in determining the distribution of forest versus tundra, but other investigators ( Hare 1968 ; Hare and Ritchie 1972 ) instead argued that the tundra–forest boundary actually helps to control the position of the frontal zone in summer because of contrasts in albedo, evaporation, and aerodynamic roughness. However, it has now been clearly established that a primary control on the summer Arctic frontal zone is differential heating between the land and ocean ( Serreze
frontal position might be important in determining the distribution of forest versus tundra, but other investigators ( Hare 1968 ; Hare and Ritchie 1972 ) instead argued that the tundra–forest boundary actually helps to control the position of the frontal zone in summer because of contrasts in albedo, evaporation, and aerodynamic roughness. However, it has now been clearly established that a primary control on the summer Arctic frontal zone is differential heating between the land and ocean ( Serreze
example, increasing wind speed and turbulence ( Gultepe et al. 2016 ). Bogdanova et al. (2002) analyzed Arctic precipitation events and found that annual mean false precipitation detection makes up 30% or more of the total measured precipitation. In their work it is stated that blowing snow and blizzards significantly affect the quality of the in situ snow measurements (e.g., in coastal high-latitudinal regions, ice sheets, tundra, mountain desert, and steppe climatic zones), resulting in false
example, increasing wind speed and turbulence ( Gultepe et al. 2016 ). Bogdanova et al. (2002) analyzed Arctic precipitation events and found that annual mean false precipitation detection makes up 30% or more of the total measured precipitation. In their work it is stated that blowing snow and blizzards significantly affect the quality of the in situ snow measurements (e.g., in coastal high-latitudinal regions, ice sheets, tundra, mountain desert, and steppe climatic zones), resulting in false
earlier study, they found that the clouds at Atqasuk had a larger optical depth and cloud LWP for cases with onshore flow. They attributed this behavior to an increase in the sensible and latent heat fluxes associated with air parcels moving inland over the relatively warm tundra. 4. Looking to the future The focus of this chapter has been an overview of research conducted prior to the merger of the ASP and ARM Science Programs into the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program ( Mather et al. 2016
earlier study, they found that the clouds at Atqasuk had a larger optical depth and cloud LWP for cases with onshore flow. They attributed this behavior to an increase in the sensible and latent heat fluxes associated with air parcels moving inland over the relatively warm tundra. 4. Looking to the future The focus of this chapter has been an overview of research conducted prior to the merger of the ASP and ARM Science Programs into the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program ( Mather et al. 2016
