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elusive. Some progress has been made on identifying the environmental factors influencing tropical cyclone development from tropical waves. The relatively small number of systems in 1997, their high latitude of formation, and the minor role of tropical waves are all consistent with the climatological expectations associated with an El Niño event (e.g., Gray 1984 ; Goldenberg and Shapiro 1996 ; Pasch et al. 1998 ), such as occurred during 1997 (Climate Prediction Center 1997). During an El Niño
elusive. Some progress has been made on identifying the environmental factors influencing tropical cyclone development from tropical waves. The relatively small number of systems in 1997, their high latitude of formation, and the minor role of tropical waves are all consistent with the climatological expectations associated with an El Niño event (e.g., Gray 1984 ; Goldenberg and Shapiro 1996 ; Pasch et al. 1998 ), such as occurred during 1997 (Climate Prediction Center 1997). During an El Niño