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, complex coastlines, and steep topography ( Birch et al. 2015 ). This region is surrounded by islands and continents with complex topography, which cultivates prominent diurnal variability of convection. Periodically and zonally propagating modes of tropical convection at different temporal and spatial scales can be found active over the SCS–MC. These are regarded as convectively coupled tropical waves based on the theoretical study of Matsuno (1966) and the analysis of Wheeler and Kiladis (1999
, complex coastlines, and steep topography ( Birch et al. 2015 ). This region is surrounded by islands and continents with complex topography, which cultivates prominent diurnal variability of convection. Periodically and zonally propagating modes of tropical convection at different temporal and spatial scales can be found active over the SCS–MC. These are regarded as convectively coupled tropical waves based on the theoretical study of Matsuno (1966) and the analysis of Wheeler and Kiladis (1999
, 2014 ), the effects of spinup due to initializing the CAM5 model with a “foreign” (ECMWF) analysis would have impacts on the first 24 h (i.e., day-1 hindcast ensembles). Afterward the tropical precipitation in the hindcasts reaches a relative equilibrium state close to the AMIP simulation of CAM5. Therefore in this study we concatenated each hindcast from 24- to 48-h lead time to form the day-2 time series (48–72 h for day 3) of the data stream from 1998 to 2012. We also performed a companion AMIP
, 2014 ), the effects of spinup due to initializing the CAM5 model with a “foreign” (ECMWF) analysis would have impacts on the first 24 h (i.e., day-1 hindcast ensembles). Afterward the tropical precipitation in the hindcasts reaches a relative equilibrium state close to the AMIP simulation of CAM5. Therefore in this study we concatenated each hindcast from 24- to 48-h lead time to form the day-2 time series (48–72 h for day 3) of the data stream from 1998 to 2012. We also performed a companion AMIP
