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Joseph T. Schaefer

Abstract

Nonlinear biconstituent diffusion is proposed as a possible trigger for cumulus development. Properties of this second-order effect are examined. It is shown that this process can exist in the atmosphere and that it can produce sustained convective cells of appreciable magnitude. One possible atmospheric example is illustrated.

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Joseph T. Schaefer

Abstract

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Joseph T. Schaefer

Abstract

A dryline is a narrow zone, other than a classical polar front, across which a sharp horizontal surface moisture gradient occurs. It often exists and moves under synoptically quiescent conditions. One explanation of dryline motion is that it is caused by turbulent vertical mixing. A slab symmetric numerical model of the boundary layer is developed to test this hypothesis. This model, when applied to a typical dryline environment, produces dryline motions similar to those observed in the atmosphere. The model is applied to several real dryline cases, and a close correspondence between simulated and observed motions are found. It is concluded that vertical mixing is the primary cause of dryline motion.

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