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- Author or Editor: REX C. WOOD x
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Abstract
The Direct-Flow Sampler is an improved balloon-borne device designed to collect particulate matter from very large volumes of stratospheric air at altitudes between 50,000 and 100,000 ft. This equipment utilizes a high-volume blower to pull air through 1 sq ft of Institute of Paper Chemistry (IPC) #1478 filter paper at rates from 400 to 800 cfm. Laboratory tests at low pressures involving aerosols of known size and density, together with intercomparison flights with other sampling devices, indicate that the Direct-Flow Sampler is a very efficient collector of submicron particles. Several vertical profiles of radioactivity over Minneapolis, Minn., that were obtained with impactor collectors and with filter samplers are shown to be in generally good agreement. Development of this sampler was supported by the Atomic Energy Commission as part of a program aimed at achieving a better understanding of the characteristics of stratospheric dust and radioactive debris, and of the mechanisms controlling fallout from the stratosphere.
Abstract
The Direct-Flow Sampler is an improved balloon-borne device designed to collect particulate matter from very large volumes of stratospheric air at altitudes between 50,000 and 100,000 ft. This equipment utilizes a high-volume blower to pull air through 1 sq ft of Institute of Paper Chemistry (IPC) #1478 filter paper at rates from 400 to 800 cfm. Laboratory tests at low pressures involving aerosols of known size and density, together with intercomparison flights with other sampling devices, indicate that the Direct-Flow Sampler is a very efficient collector of submicron particles. Several vertical profiles of radioactivity over Minneapolis, Minn., that were obtained with impactor collectors and with filter samplers are shown to be in generally good agreement. Development of this sampler was supported by the Atomic Energy Commission as part of a program aimed at achieving a better understanding of the characteristics of stratospheric dust and radioactive debris, and of the mechanisms controlling fallout from the stratosphere.
The infrared absorption-spectra hygrometer possesses inherent advantages which will be of interest to the meteorologist concerned with difficult humidity-measurement problems. Data samples are presented which illustrate typical atmospheric humidity variations as obtained with a relatively uncomplicated experimental instrument featuring a short, 12-in sensing path. Also included is a discussion outlining method advantages in particular areas: micrometeorology, air weather reconnaissance, arctic meteorology, and other research applications.
The infrared absorption-spectra hygrometer possesses inherent advantages which will be of interest to the meteorologist concerned with difficult humidity-measurement problems. Data samples are presented which illustrate typical atmospheric humidity variations as obtained with a relatively uncomplicated experimental instrument featuring a short, 12-in sensing path. Also included is a discussion outlining method advantages in particular areas: micrometeorology, air weather reconnaissance, arctic meteorology, and other research applications.
Abstract
The air ejector filter sampler is a balloon-borne device designed to collect particulate matter from very large volumes (105 ft2) of stratospheric air at altitudes between 50,000 and 130,000 ft. This equipment utilize an ejector pump to pull air through 2 ft2 of Institute of Paper Chemistry (IPC) #1478 filter paper at rates on the order of 1000 cfm. Use of this unit has permitted an extension of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission operational sampling program to higher attitudes than previously allowed by battery powered electro-mechanical systems. Performance of the sampler during a successful operational series conducted in 1965 by the U.S. Air Force at San Angelo, Texas, and Eielson AFB, Alaska, has confirmed pre-program estimates of system reliability.
Abstract
The air ejector filter sampler is a balloon-borne device designed to collect particulate matter from very large volumes (105 ft2) of stratospheric air at altitudes between 50,000 and 130,000 ft. This equipment utilize an ejector pump to pull air through 2 ft2 of Institute of Paper Chemistry (IPC) #1478 filter paper at rates on the order of 1000 cfm. Use of this unit has permitted an extension of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission operational sampling program to higher attitudes than previously allowed by battery powered electro-mechanical systems. Performance of the sampler during a successful operational series conducted in 1965 by the U.S. Air Force at San Angelo, Texas, and Eielson AFB, Alaska, has confirmed pre-program estimates of system reliability.
Abstract
A recording infrared absorption hygrometer which measures the absolute humidity in a 1-meter light path is described. Record is obtained on a remote self-balancing potentiometer. Use is made of the 1.37 µ water vapor absorption band and a 1.24 µ reference band. Isolation is by means of transmission type interference band-pass light filters. Infrared detection is by means of a lead sulfide photocell and amplifier. Isolation filters are contained on a sector wheel which is rotated to chop an infrared beam. A self-balancing null system is employed whereby the energy in the absorption band is kept equal to the energy in the reference band at all times. Balance is maintained by automatically varying the temperature of the lamp supplying the infrared energy, and the temperature of the lamp is a measure of the water vapor in the sensing path. An index of the lamp temperature is obtained by means of a monitor photocell, and meter or recorder. Included is a discussion on the calibration and field tests made on the instrument at the Weather Bureau Laboratories, Washington, D. C.
Abstract
A recording infrared absorption hygrometer which measures the absolute humidity in a 1-meter light path is described. Record is obtained on a remote self-balancing potentiometer. Use is made of the 1.37 µ water vapor absorption band and a 1.24 µ reference band. Isolation is by means of transmission type interference band-pass light filters. Infrared detection is by means of a lead sulfide photocell and amplifier. Isolation filters are contained on a sector wheel which is rotated to chop an infrared beam. A self-balancing null system is employed whereby the energy in the absorption band is kept equal to the energy in the reference band at all times. Balance is maintained by automatically varying the temperature of the lamp supplying the infrared energy, and the temperature of the lamp is a measure of the water vapor in the sensing path. An index of the lamp temperature is obtained by means of a monitor photocell, and meter or recorder. Included is a discussion on the calibration and field tests made on the instrument at the Weather Bureau Laboratories, Washington, D. C.
