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, were felt elsewhere in the basin. Alberto affected western Cuba, and Ernesto produced heavy rainfall in portions of Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic, with five deaths resulting from Ernesto’s rains in Haiti. Florence brought hurricane conditions to Bermuda, and after losing tropical characteristics also brought hurricane-force winds to portions of Newfoundland. Gordon was the first hurricane to affect the Azores since 1991. The lack of hurricane landfalls on the North American continent in
, were felt elsewhere in the basin. Alberto affected western Cuba, and Ernesto produced heavy rainfall in portions of Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic, with five deaths resulting from Ernesto’s rains in Haiti. Florence brought hurricane conditions to Bermuda, and after losing tropical characteristics also brought hurricane-force winds to portions of Newfoundland. Gordon was the first hurricane to affect the Azores since 1991. The lack of hurricane landfalls on the North American continent in
cases be superior to Dvorak classifications ( Herndon and Velden 2004 ). Ships and buoys occasionally provide important in situ observations of these cyclones. For systems posing a threat to land, in situ observations are also occasionally available from aircraft reconnaissance flights. The 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the U.S. Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) flew three reconnaissance missions into eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones during 2008: two in Hurricane Norbert and one
cases be superior to Dvorak classifications ( Herndon and Velden 2004 ). Ships and buoys occasionally provide important in situ observations of these cyclones. For systems posing a threat to land, in situ observations are also occasionally available from aircraft reconnaissance flights. The 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the U.S. Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) flew three reconnaissance missions into eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones during 2008: two in Hurricane Norbert and one
DECEMBER 1957 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW 401THE HURRICANE SEASON OF 1957PAUL L. MOORE AND STAFFWeather Bureau Office, Miami, Fla.1. GENERAL SUMMARYEight tropical storms developed in the North Atlanticand Gulf of Mexico in 1957 and three of these reachedhurricane force. The normal for recent years is 10 stormswith about 5 developing into hurricanes. The pattern ofmovement (see fig. 1) was similar to that of 1956 withst.orms striking the Gulf coast but sparing the easternseaboard as those in the
DECEMBER 1957 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW 401THE HURRICANE SEASON OF 1957PAUL L. MOORE AND STAFFWeather Bureau Office, Miami, Fla.1. GENERAL SUMMARYEight tropical storms developed in the North Atlanticand Gulf of Mexico in 1957 and three of these reachedhurricane force. The normal for recent years is 10 stormswith about 5 developing into hurricanes. The pattern ofmovement (see fig. 1) was similar to that of 1956 withst.orms striking the Gulf coast but sparing the easternseaboard as those in the
Doppler radar data continued toshow a well-defined, cyclonically turning cloud and reflectivity pattern moving slowly through eastern Alabama and western Georgia until late on 7 July. Thesystem produced locally torrential rain during that period, inducing numerous floods that continued manydays after the tropical cyclone dissipated. 2) METEOROLOGICAL STATISTICS The highest officially recorded 1-min wind speed atthe surface was 18 m s -l (Table 2a), observed at EglinAir Force Base (AFB) / Valparaiso
Doppler radar data continued toshow a well-defined, cyclonically turning cloud and reflectivity pattern moving slowly through eastern Alabama and western Georgia until late on 7 July. Thesystem produced locally torrential rain during that period, inducing numerous floods that continued manydays after the tropical cyclone dissipated. 2) METEOROLOGICAL STATISTICS The highest officially recorded 1-min wind speed atthe surface was 18 m s -l (Table 2a), observed at EglinAir Force Base (AFB) / Valparaiso
. While passive microwave imagery is useful for tracking tropical cyclones and assessing their structure, QuikSCAT retrieves estimates of ocean surface vector winds across a fairly wide swath, and with careful interpretation it can provide occasional estimates of the location, intensity, and outer wind radii of a tropical cyclone. The 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the U.S. Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) flew several reconnaissance missions into eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones
. While passive microwave imagery is useful for tracking tropical cyclones and assessing their structure, QuikSCAT retrieves estimates of ocean surface vector winds across a fairly wide swath, and with careful interpretation it can provide occasional estimates of the location, intensity, and outer wind radii of a tropical cyclone. The 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the U.S. Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) flew several reconnaissance missions into eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones
often available. The 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the United States Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) flew five reconnaissance missions into eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones during 2009: one in Andres, two in Jimena, and two in Rick. These missions provided flight-level data as well as surface wind estimates from the Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR; Ulhorn and Black 2003 ). Land-based radars from the Meteorological Service of Mexico were also useful for monitoring TCs
often available. The 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the United States Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) flew five reconnaissance missions into eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones during 2009: one in Andres, two in Jimena, and two in Rick. These missions provided flight-level data as well as surface wind estimates from the Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR; Ulhorn and Black 2003 ). Land-based radars from the Meteorological Service of Mexico were also useful for monitoring TCs
1. Introduction This summary of 1996 Eastern Hemisphere tropical cyclones (TCs) was compiled from the archives of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Guam (JTWC). The JTWC is a joint U.S. Navy and Air Force activity with a forecast area of responsibility that extends from the 180° meridian westward to the coast of Africa, north and south of the equator. Seventy percent of the world’s TCs develop in this area. The Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Command at Pearl Harbor
1. Introduction This summary of 1996 Eastern Hemisphere tropical cyclones (TCs) was compiled from the archives of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Guam (JTWC). The JTWC is a joint U.S. Navy and Air Force activity with a forecast area of responsibility that extends from the 180° meridian westward to the coast of Africa, north and south of the equator. Seventy percent of the world’s TCs develop in this area. The Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Command at Pearl Harbor
(1975) intensity estimation techniques. These estimates (“classifications”) are provided by the Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch (TAFB) of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration/National Weather Service’s (NOAA/NWS) Tropical Prediction Center (TPC), the NOAA/Satellite Analysis Branch in Washington, D.C., and the Air Force Weather Agency in Omaha, Nebraska. For systems threatening land, in situ observations are generally available from aircraft reconnaissance flights
(1975) intensity estimation techniques. These estimates (“classifications”) are provided by the Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch (TAFB) of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration/National Weather Service’s (NOAA/NWS) Tropical Prediction Center (TPC), the NOAA/Satellite Analysis Branch in Washington, D.C., and the Air Force Weather Agency in Omaha, Nebraska. For systems threatening land, in situ observations are generally available from aircraft reconnaissance flights
remnants of Douglas, represented by a swirl of low clouds, moved westward for several more days. Due to the large extent of tropical storm force winds associated with Douglas and its proximity to the south coast of Mexico, tropical storm watches and warnings were issued by the government of Mexico for portions of the coast. However, the damage associated with this tropical cyclone occurred over Central America and was attributed to Cesar ( Avila and Pasch 1997 ). f. Tropical
remnants of Douglas, represented by a swirl of low clouds, moved westward for several more days. Due to the large extent of tropical storm force winds associated with Douglas and its proximity to the south coast of Mexico, tropical storm watches and warnings were issued by the government of Mexico for portions of the coast. However, the damage associated with this tropical cyclone occurred over Central America and was attributed to Cesar ( Avila and Pasch 1997 ). f. Tropical
wind radii of a tropical cyclone. While aircraft reconnaissance missions into eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones are infrequent, one mission by the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the United States Air Force Reserve Command was conducted during Hurricane Adrian, because of the storm’s proximity to Central America. a. Hurricane Adrian, 17–21 May Hurricane Adrian was a very early season tropical cyclone that moved east-northeastward. Adrian was briefly a category 1 hurricane as it
wind radii of a tropical cyclone. While aircraft reconnaissance missions into eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones are infrequent, one mission by the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the United States Air Force Reserve Command was conducted during Hurricane Adrian, because of the storm’s proximity to Central America. a. Hurricane Adrian, 17–21 May Hurricane Adrian was a very early season tropical cyclone that moved east-northeastward. Adrian was briefly a category 1 hurricane as it
