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studies across the subtropical oceans that include significant observational constraints, building on the approach in Sandu et al. (2010) . In particular, observations of top of the atmosphere longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes provide a significant test of the simulations, providing information about boundary layer depth, cloud cover and cloud thickness. Further data products, including microwave satellite observations of total water path and cloud water path also provide rich information about
studies across the subtropical oceans that include significant observational constraints, building on the approach in Sandu et al. (2010) . In particular, observations of top of the atmosphere longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes provide a significant test of the simulations, providing information about boundary layer depth, cloud cover and cloud thickness. Further data products, including microwave satellite observations of total water path and cloud water path also provide rich information about
1. Introduction The climatological stratocumulus to cumulus (Sc–Cu) transition over the eastern subtropical oceans has been a long-standing test of our physical understanding and modeling skill. Through a combination of field and satellite observations and detailed process modeling such as large-eddy simulation (LES), the Sc–Cu transition has been explained as due to the deepening and warming of a cloud-topped marine boundary layer under a strong inversion as it advects toward warmer sea
1. Introduction The climatological stratocumulus to cumulus (Sc–Cu) transition over the eastern subtropical oceans has been a long-standing test of our physical understanding and modeling skill. Through a combination of field and satellite observations and detailed process modeling such as large-eddy simulation (LES), the Sc–Cu transition has been explained as due to the deepening and warming of a cloud-topped marine boundary layer under a strong inversion as it advects toward warmer sea
