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to motivate the recent Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) field program in late 2018. Trapp et al. (2020) describe radar observations of a supercell thunderstorm during RELAMPAGO that produced large (>4 cm), damaging hail on 10 November 2018. Several storms across northern Argentina throughout the day appeared capable of producing severe weather ( Fig. 4 ; movie S3 in the online supplemental material
to motivate the recent Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) field program in late 2018. Trapp et al. (2020) describe radar observations of a supercell thunderstorm during RELAMPAGO that produced large (>4 cm), damaging hail on 10 November 2018. Several storms across northern Argentina throughout the day appeared capable of producing severe weather ( Fig. 4 ; movie S3 in the online supplemental material
developed into a classic supercell and produced hail 4.5 cm in diameter, but did not spawn a tornado. The storm formed in an environment of vertical shear of approximately 25–30 m s −1 over the lowest 6 km, a strong capping inversion, and CAPE of almost 3000 J kg −1 ( Fig. 2 ), which is supportive of supercells ( Weisman and Klemp 1982 ). Its formation was slightly unusual because it formed in the presence of a layer of cirrus overcast ( Fig. 3 ), which the author, based on long-term observations
developed into a classic supercell and produced hail 4.5 cm in diameter, but did not spawn a tornado. The storm formed in an environment of vertical shear of approximately 25–30 m s −1 over the lowest 6 km, a strong capping inversion, and CAPE of almost 3000 J kg −1 ( Fig. 2 ), which is supportive of supercells ( Weisman and Klemp 1982 ). Its formation was slightly unusual because it formed in the presence of a layer of cirrus overcast ( Fig. 3 ), which the author, based on long-term observations
conditions we examine Fig. 12a , which indicates plots of the METAR hourly reports conducted from 1600 to 2000 UTC (i.e., just prior to the tornadic event) at the Viracopos International Airport in the nearby city of Campinas (SPKP), approximately 20 km northeast of the tornado touchdown location (see Fig. 1b ). Surface winds were continuously reported from the northeast, with cloudy skies and relatively low temperatures for midafternoon hours. Fig . 12. Surface observations in the state of São Paulo
conditions we examine Fig. 12a , which indicates plots of the METAR hourly reports conducted from 1600 to 2000 UTC (i.e., just prior to the tornadic event) at the Viracopos International Airport in the nearby city of Campinas (SPKP), approximately 20 km northeast of the tornado touchdown location (see Fig. 1b ). Surface winds were continuously reported from the northeast, with cloudy skies and relatively low temperatures for midafternoon hours. Fig . 12. Surface observations in the state of São Paulo
