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) the relationships between cumulus clouds and the soil–plant–atmosphere exchange of heat, carbon, and water at the SGP ACRF site; (iii) how land cover changes (including the winter wheat harvest) impact surface heat, carbon, and water fluxes, and whether those changes affect local and regional cumulus cloud formation at the SGP ACRF; (iv) how SGP land surface processes affect atmospheric aerosol loading and chemistry, and the resulting effects on cumulus cloud microphysics and macrophysics; and (v
) the relationships between cumulus clouds and the soil–plant–atmosphere exchange of heat, carbon, and water at the SGP ACRF site; (iii) how land cover changes (including the winter wheat harvest) impact surface heat, carbon, and water fluxes, and whether those changes affect local and regional cumulus cloud formation at the SGP ACRF; (iv) how SGP land surface processes affect atmospheric aerosol loading and chemistry, and the resulting effects on cumulus cloud microphysics and macrophysics; and (v
, Animation A2 ) and the fact that the development took place around the secondary early morning rainfall peak ( Sane et al. 2012 ) suggest that the land–sea breeze in the Cape Verde area contributed to the enhancement of convection and recurrent new cell generation. However, although the rain event was the most severe at the Dakar-Yoff station, its physical causes appear to be a coincidental combination of effects that are each frequently observable there. Fig . 8. As in Fig. 4 , but for the Dakar flood
, Animation A2 ) and the fact that the development took place around the secondary early morning rainfall peak ( Sane et al. 2012 ) suggest that the land–sea breeze in the Cape Verde area contributed to the enhancement of convection and recurrent new cell generation. However, although the rain event was the most severe at the Dakar-Yoff station, its physical causes appear to be a coincidental combination of effects that are each frequently observable there. Fig . 8. As in Fig. 4 , but for the Dakar flood