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Abstract4
Current increases in the understanding of climatic processes, the availability of climate predictions, and the assessment of climatic impacts indicate that development of public policy to mitigate adverse impacts and enhance beneficial ones is becoming possible. A review of policy needs and of existing atmosphere-related policies leads to the development of a functional model for a climatic impacts policy. This policy contains long-term planning, continuous monitoring, and short-term response elements. It is akin to current strategies used to deal with short-term events such as tornadoes. Effective operation of the policy requires continuing research to enhance understanding of both climatic processes and climatic impacts.
Abstract4
Current increases in the understanding of climatic processes, the availability of climate predictions, and the assessment of climatic impacts indicate that development of public policy to mitigate adverse impacts and enhance beneficial ones is becoming possible. A review of policy needs and of existing atmosphere-related policies leads to the development of a functional model for a climatic impacts policy. This policy contains long-term planning, continuous monitoring, and short-term response elements. It is akin to current strategies used to deal with short-term events such as tornadoes. Effective operation of the policy requires continuing research to enhance understanding of both climatic processes and climatic impacts.
Abstract
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Abstract
No Abstract available.
As part of the U.K. contribution to the international Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study, a series of three related projects—DOGEE, SEASAW, and HiWASE—undertook experimental studies of the processes controlling the physical exchange of gases and sea spray aerosol at the sea surface. The studies share a common goal: to reduce the high degree of uncertainty in current parameterization schemes. The wide variety of measurements made during the studies, which incorporated tracer and surfactant release experiments, included direct eddy correlation fluxes, detailed wave spectra, wind history, photographic retrievals of whitecap fraction, aerosolsize spectra and composition, surfactant concentration, and bubble populations in the ocean mixed layer. Measurements were made during three cruises in the northeast Atlantic on the RRS Discovery during 2006 and 2007; a fourth campaign has been making continuous measurements on the Norwegian weather ship Polarfront since September 2006. This paper provides an overview of the three projects and some of the highlights of the measurement campaigns.
As part of the U.K. contribution to the international Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study, a series of three related projects—DOGEE, SEASAW, and HiWASE—undertook experimental studies of the processes controlling the physical exchange of gases and sea spray aerosol at the sea surface. The studies share a common goal: to reduce the high degree of uncertainty in current parameterization schemes. The wide variety of measurements made during the studies, which incorporated tracer and surfactant release experiments, included direct eddy correlation fluxes, detailed wave spectra, wind history, photographic retrievals of whitecap fraction, aerosolsize spectra and composition, surfactant concentration, and bubble populations in the ocean mixed layer. Measurements were made during three cruises in the northeast Atlantic on the RRS Discovery during 2006 and 2007; a fourth campaign has been making continuous measurements on the Norwegian weather ship Polarfront since September 2006. This paper provides an overview of the three projects and some of the highlights of the measurement campaigns.
