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SEPTEMB[SR 1992 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE 501Temperature Forecast Biases Associated with Snow Cover in the Northeast GARY S. WOJCIK* AND DANIEL S. WILKSDepartment of Soil, Crop and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York13 July 1991 and 17 April 1992ABSTRACT The sensitivity of temperature forecast biases to the presence or absence of snow cover is investigated for theDecember-March periods of 1985
SEPTEMB[SR 1992 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE 501Temperature Forecast Biases Associated with Snow Cover in the Northeast GARY S. WOJCIK* AND DANIEL S. WILKSDepartment of Soil, Crop and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York13 July 1991 and 17 April 1992ABSTRACT The sensitivity of temperature forecast biases to the presence or absence of snow cover is investigated for theDecember-March periods of 1985
1. Introduction Albedo plays an important role in land surface energy balance, and it is strongly affected by snow cover. When trees (with a relatively low surface albedo) are present, they can extend above the snowpack, “masking out” the relatively high albedo of snow under canopy. This would lead to warmer winter temperatures than if trees were not present (e.g., Bonan et al. 1992 ). The snow albedo feedback is one of the recognized positive feedbacks in the climate system (e.g., Qu and
1. Introduction Albedo plays an important role in land surface energy balance, and it is strongly affected by snow cover. When trees (with a relatively low surface albedo) are present, they can extend above the snowpack, “masking out” the relatively high albedo of snow under canopy. This would lead to warmer winter temperatures than if trees were not present (e.g., Bonan et al. 1992 ). The snow albedo feedback is one of the recognized positive feedbacks in the climate system (e.g., Qu and
DECEMBER 1992GUTZLER AND ROSEN1441Interannual Variability of Wintertime Snow Cover across the Northern Hemisphere DAVID s. GUTZLER AND RICHARD D. ROSEN Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (Manuscript received 9 May 199 1, in final form 26 February 1992) ABSTRACTDigitized maps of Northern Hemisphere snow cover derived from visible satellite imagery are examined toassess the interannual variability of
DECEMBER 1992GUTZLER AND ROSEN1441Interannual Variability of Wintertime Snow Cover across the Northern Hemisphere DAVID s. GUTZLER AND RICHARD D. ROSEN Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (Manuscript received 9 May 199 1, in final form 26 February 1992) ABSTRACTDigitized maps of Northern Hemisphere snow cover derived from visible satellite imagery are examined toassess the interannual variability of
1996 BROWN AND GOODISON 1299Interannual Variability in Reconstructed Canadian Snow Cover, 1915-1992 Ross D. BROWNAtmospheric Environment Service, Dorval, Quebec, Canada BARRY E. GOODISONAtmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ontario, Canada(Manuscript received 30 September 1994, in final form 16 October 1995
1996 BROWN AND GOODISON 1299Interannual Variability in Reconstructed Canadian Snow Cover, 1915-1992 Ross D. BROWNAtmospheric Environment Service, Dorval, Quebec, Canada BARRY E. GOODISONAtmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ontario, Canada(Manuscript received 30 September 1994, in final form 16 October 1995
hydrological and climatological processes (e.g., Rango 1980 ; Schultz and Barrett 1989 ; Albert et al. 1993 ), especially in the Northern Hemisphere, where a large fraction of the land surface is covered by seasonal snow. Snow covers Québec for 4–8 months of the year ( Brown 2010 ) and plays an important role in water resources ( Roy et al. 2010 ), ecosystems ( Houle et al. 2012 ), and ground temperature regimes ( Zhang et al. 2005 ). A realistic representation of snow cover in climate models is
hydrological and climatological processes (e.g., Rango 1980 ; Schultz and Barrett 1989 ; Albert et al. 1993 ), especially in the Northern Hemisphere, where a large fraction of the land surface is covered by seasonal snow. Snow covers Québec for 4–8 months of the year ( Brown 2010 ) and plays an important role in water resources ( Roy et al. 2010 ), ecosystems ( Houle et al. 2012 ), and ground temperature regimes ( Zhang et al. 2005 ). A realistic representation of snow cover in climate models is
460 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE AND APPLIED METEOROLOGY VOLUME22Snow Cover and Temperature Relationships in North America and Eurasia JAMES FOSTER, MANFRED OWE AND ALBERT RANGONASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Survey Applications Division, Hydrological Sciences Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771(Manuscript received 28 June 1982, in final form 24 November 1982)ABSTRACT In this study the snow cover
460 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE AND APPLIED METEOROLOGY VOLUME22Snow Cover and Temperature Relationships in North America and Eurasia JAMES FOSTER, MANFRED OWE AND ALBERT RANGONASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Survey Applications Division, Hydrological Sciences Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771(Manuscript received 28 June 1982, in final form 24 November 1982)ABSTRACT In this study the snow cover
physical processes, such as those associated with subgrid-scale temporal and spatial variability of the snow-covered area. The lack of subgrid snow-distribution representations in most climate models has been identified as a deficiency in snow-cover evolution and atmospheric interaction simulations ( Loth and Graf 1998b ; Pomeroy et al. 1998 ; Slater et al. 2001 ; Takata et al. 2003 ). 2. Background a. Subgrid snow distribution mechanisms Snow depths around the world vary greatly at subgrid scales
physical processes, such as those associated with subgrid-scale temporal and spatial variability of the snow-covered area. The lack of subgrid snow-distribution representations in most climate models has been identified as a deficiency in snow-cover evolution and atmospheric interaction simulations ( Loth and Graf 1998b ; Pomeroy et al. 1998 ; Slater et al. 2001 ; Takata et al. 2003 ). 2. Background a. Subgrid snow distribution mechanisms Snow depths around the world vary greatly at subgrid scales
1. Introduction The role of snow cover on lower tropospheric temperatures has taken on increased importance as regions of the interior of North America have witnessed decreased snow cover extent concurrent with increased atmospheric temperatures beginning in the late 1980s (e.g., Robinson et al. 1993 ; Groisman et al. 1994 ; Robinson and Frei 1997 ; Frei and Robinson 1999 ; Brown 2000 ; Dyer and Mote 2006 ). To understand to what extent increased atmospheric temperatures are a result of
1. Introduction The role of snow cover on lower tropospheric temperatures has taken on increased importance as regions of the interior of North America have witnessed decreased snow cover extent concurrent with increased atmospheric temperatures beginning in the late 1980s (e.g., Robinson et al. 1993 ; Groisman et al. 1994 ; Robinson and Frei 1997 ; Frei and Robinson 1999 ; Brown 2000 ; Dyer and Mote 2006 ). To understand to what extent increased atmospheric temperatures are a result of
JULY 1991 JUDAH COHEN AND DAVID RIND 689 The Effect of Snow Cover on the Climate JUDAH COHEN* AND DAVID RIND** *Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York** NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York (Manuscript received 9 February 1990, in final form 17 December 1990) ABSTRACT Large-scale snow cover anomalies are
JULY 1991 JUDAH COHEN AND DAVID RIND 689 The Effect of Snow Cover on the Climate JUDAH COHEN* AND DAVID RIND** *Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York** NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York (Manuscript received 9 February 1990, in final form 17 December 1990) ABSTRACT Large-scale snow cover anomalies are
JULY 1988 JOHN E. WALSH AND BECKY ROSS 739Sensitivity of 30-Day Dynamical Forecasts to Continental Snow Cover JOHN E. WALSH AND BECKY ROSSDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of lllinois, Urbana, Illinois(Manuscript received 29 October 1987, in final form 30 March 1988)ABSTRACT Several series of 30-day simulations with a global circulation model are used to evaluate the sensitivities tocontinental snow cover
JULY 1988 JOHN E. WALSH AND BECKY ROSS 739Sensitivity of 30-Day Dynamical Forecasts to Continental Snow Cover JOHN E. WALSH AND BECKY ROSSDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of lllinois, Urbana, Illinois(Manuscript received 29 October 1987, in final form 30 March 1988)ABSTRACT Several series of 30-day simulations with a global circulation model are used to evaluate the sensitivities tocontinental snow cover
