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1. Introduction Landfalling cyclones have received substantial attention from researchers, not just because of the greater quantity and higher quality of data often available for them than for cyclones far at sea, but also because of the tremendous economic and societal impact of landfalling cyclones on coastal communities. The threat imposed by an approaching cyclone is largely a function of its wind speed, and notable individual cases of weakening (e.g., Lili in 2002; Krishnamurti et al
1. Introduction Landfalling cyclones have received substantial attention from researchers, not just because of the greater quantity and higher quality of data often available for them than for cyclones far at sea, but also because of the tremendous economic and societal impact of landfalling cyclones on coastal communities. The threat imposed by an approaching cyclone is largely a function of its wind speed, and notable individual cases of weakening (e.g., Lili in 2002; Krishnamurti et al
spatial extent, the event magnitude, the physical and societal impacts of an event, and the uncertainty associated with each of these aspects. Our study also only examined two weather scenarios in depth—one with a rapid-onset, short-duration warning and one with a delayed-start, longer-duration watch. As a first test of other scenarios, we further evaluated respondents' preferences for the box attribute for a severe thunderstorm watch and an urban and small stream advisory , each in the first
spatial extent, the event magnitude, the physical and societal impacts of an event, and the uncertainty associated with each of these aspects. Our study also only examined two weather scenarios in depth—one with a rapid-onset, short-duration warning and one with a delayed-start, longer-duration watch. As a first test of other scenarios, we further evaluated respondents' preferences for the box attribute for a severe thunderstorm watch and an urban and small stream advisory , each in the first
and RLPs must have their roles specifically communicated to them and periodic drills must take place to remind the housing staff of their role during a hurricane. Hurricane Isaac’s (2012) track toward the Louisiana coast provided an opportunity to gauge the LSU housing staff’s level of knowledge regarding hurricane preparedness. Although this area of Louisiana has a long history of societal impacts from tropical cyclones, most recently with notable storms in 1992 (Andrew), 1998 (Georges), 2001
and RLPs must have their roles specifically communicated to them and periodic drills must take place to remind the housing staff of their role during a hurricane. Hurricane Isaac’s (2012) track toward the Louisiana coast provided an opportunity to gauge the LSU housing staff’s level of knowledge regarding hurricane preparedness. Although this area of Louisiana has a long history of societal impacts from tropical cyclones, most recently with notable storms in 1992 (Andrew), 1998 (Georges), 2001
1. Introduction Extreme heat and heat waves are some of the most far-reaching impacts of climate change in terms of geographical spread, human health, and economic costs ( World Bank 2012 ; McMichael and Dear 2010 ; Kjellstrom et al. 2009 ). In accounting for heat-related impacts of climate change, threshold-based approaches offer one mode of calculating impacts on morbidity, mortality, and productivity. At the everyday scale, threshold-based heat management and adaptation policies are also
1. Introduction Extreme heat and heat waves are some of the most far-reaching impacts of climate change in terms of geographical spread, human health, and economic costs ( World Bank 2012 ; McMichael and Dear 2010 ; Kjellstrom et al. 2009 ). In accounting for heat-related impacts of climate change, threshold-based approaches offer one mode of calculating impacts on morbidity, mortality, and productivity. At the everyday scale, threshold-based heat management and adaptation policies are also
-temporal-resolution observation networks can provide needed microclimatic information, including spatial and temporal variation in extreme events such as convective rainfall and storm-surge propagation. At the global scale, monitoring of polar ice sheets and global sea level will improve understanding of sea level rise. Periodic assessments of evolving climate, impacts and adaptation science will support flexible/recursive adaptation strategies that minimize the impact of climate hazards while maximizing societal benefits
-temporal-resolution observation networks can provide needed microclimatic information, including spatial and temporal variation in extreme events such as convective rainfall and storm-surge propagation. At the global scale, monitoring of polar ice sheets and global sea level will improve understanding of sea level rise. Periodic assessments of evolving climate, impacts and adaptation science will support flexible/recursive adaptation strategies that minimize the impact of climate hazards while maximizing societal benefits
1. Introduction The climate of the British Isles is characterized by considerable climatic variability, which has a discernible impact on a variety of economic sectors. Seasonal climate forecasts have the potential to improve economic management and assist in hedging against the vagaries of climatic variability. However, to assess the viability of applying seasonal climate prediction science to the improvement of economic performance and social well-being, the degree to which a particular
1. Introduction The climate of the British Isles is characterized by considerable climatic variability, which has a discernible impact on a variety of economic sectors. Seasonal climate forecasts have the potential to improve economic management and assist in hedging against the vagaries of climatic variability. However, to assess the viability of applying seasonal climate prediction science to the improvement of economic performance and social well-being, the degree to which a particular
because we intend to employ this model in a follow-up study to investigate the impacts of climate change on meningitis in the absence of vaccination (because it is impossible to know what vaccine advancements will occur in the future). The new model is therefore identical to model C, except it is trained on the expected case data rather than the actual case data. The new model (with PV = 40%) has a higher CVC and skill score of 0.75 and 0.52, respectively, compared to model C (0.74 and 0
because we intend to employ this model in a follow-up study to investigate the impacts of climate change on meningitis in the absence of vaccination (because it is impossible to know what vaccine advancements will occur in the future). The new model is therefore identical to model C, except it is trained on the expected case data rather than the actual case data. The new model (with PV = 40%) has a higher CVC and skill score of 0.75 and 0.52, respectively, compared to model C (0.74 and 0
aware of the watch and the associated threats. People may not be aware enough of the watch in order for it to have a measurable influence on decisions that lead to fatalities, which only affect a very small number of individuals each year. The research reveals the importance of a broader range of research on societal impacts associated with severe weather forecasting and severe weather watches, not just casualties and damage. While research has shown an increase in public attention, via tweets, when
aware of the watch and the associated threats. People may not be aware enough of the watch in order for it to have a measurable influence on decisions that lead to fatalities, which only affect a very small number of individuals each year. The research reveals the importance of a broader range of research on societal impacts associated with severe weather forecasting and severe weather watches, not just casualties and damage. While research has shown an increase in public attention, via tweets, when
the products, guiding users, and providing feedback to algorithm developers. However, only a limited number of studies have focused on assessing the efficacy of HRPPs over cold and mountainous regions and their hydrologic impacts. These regions are especially important for freshwater supply and management in the United States and many areas around the world. Krakauer et al. (2013) evaluated several HRPPs and station-based gridded precipitation products against weather station precipitation
the products, guiding users, and providing feedback to algorithm developers. However, only a limited number of studies have focused on assessing the efficacy of HRPPs over cold and mountainous regions and their hydrologic impacts. These regions are especially important for freshwater supply and management in the United States and many areas around the world. Krakauer et al. (2013) evaluated several HRPPs and station-based gridded precipitation products against weather station precipitation
, and tornado casualties . Wea. Climate Soc. , 1 , 38 – 53 , doi: 10.1175/2009WCAS1005.1 . Simmons, K. M. , and Sutter D. , 2011 : Economic and Societal Impacts of Tornadoes. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 282 pp , doi: 10.1007/978-1-935704-02-7 . Smith-Jackson, T. L. , and Wogalter M. S. , 2000 : Applying cultural ergonomics/human factors to safety information research. Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet., 44, 6.150 – 6.153 , doi: 10.1177/154193120004403319 . Sorensen, J. H. , 2000
, and tornado casualties . Wea. Climate Soc. , 1 , 38 – 53 , doi: 10.1175/2009WCAS1005.1 . Simmons, K. M. , and Sutter D. , 2011 : Economic and Societal Impacts of Tornadoes. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 282 pp , doi: 10.1007/978-1-935704-02-7 . Smith-Jackson, T. L. , and Wogalter M. S. , 2000 : Applying cultural ergonomics/human factors to safety information research. Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet., 44, 6.150 – 6.153 , doi: 10.1177/154193120004403319 . Sorensen, J. H. , 2000
