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been active throughout deglaciation. Reconstructing ENSO activity using sparse data does not necessarily imply that the spatial patterns of tropical Pacific variability that occur on millennial and orbital time scales are consistent with the detailed patterns established on the basis of the high-quality instrumental records of the last two decades ( Rosenthal and Broccoli 2004 ). Thus modeling studies and model-based intercomparisons of paleo-ENSO predictions provide a useful means of investigating
been active throughout deglaciation. Reconstructing ENSO activity using sparse data does not necessarily imply that the spatial patterns of tropical Pacific variability that occur on millennial and orbital time scales are consistent with the detailed patterns established on the basis of the high-quality instrumental records of the last two decades ( Rosenthal and Broccoli 2004 ). Thus modeling studies and model-based intercomparisons of paleo-ENSO predictions provide a useful means of investigating
) where stations were removed for servicing, because the battery or sensor failed, when sensors were found less than 0.5 m (high accumulation) or more than 2.5 m (high ablation) above the surface, and where sensor poles collapsed because of ablation or interference from polar bears. Figure 2a shows the annual number of daily averaged temperature measurements made along each transect. All quality controlled daily average temperature measurements for each transect have been included as supplementary
) where stations were removed for servicing, because the battery or sensor failed, when sensors were found less than 0.5 m (high accumulation) or more than 2.5 m (high ablation) above the surface, and where sensor poles collapsed because of ablation or interference from polar bears. Figure 2a shows the annual number of daily averaged temperature measurements made along each transect. All quality controlled daily average temperature measurements for each transect have been included as supplementary
sea level change at LGM is now well constrained by various data ( Peltier and Fairbanks 2006 ), there remains uncertainty about the location and extent of marine ice sheets and shelves. Here, we shall explore the sensitivity of the polar tides to changes in these ice margins. Our simulations are ideally suited for this purpose, because they are performed on a global Mercator grid with enhanced resolution at high latitudes. In the first half of our study we describe our modeling strategy in some
sea level change at LGM is now well constrained by various data ( Peltier and Fairbanks 2006 ), there remains uncertainty about the location and extent of marine ice sheets and shelves. Here, we shall explore the sensitivity of the polar tides to changes in these ice margins. Our simulations are ideally suited for this purpose, because they are performed on a global Mercator grid with enhanced resolution at high latitudes. In the first half of our study we describe our modeling strategy in some
