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trends in NCEP–NCAR and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalyses came into good agreement after the advent of satellite observations in 1979. Other modes of variability are also important on interannual scales (e.g., White 2004 ). A time series of the SAM, smoothed with both a 1- and a 5-yr running mean, is shown in Fig. 9 . This figure uses the time series of the monthly SAM index provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction
trends in NCEP–NCAR and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalyses came into good agreement after the advent of satellite observations in 1979. Other modes of variability are also important on interannual scales (e.g., White 2004 ). A time series of the SAM, smoothed with both a 1- and a 5-yr running mean, is shown in Fig. 9 . This figure uses the time series of the monthly SAM index provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction
