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(0.006), and IPSL-CM5A (0.004) ( Fig. 6 ). This increase in albedo in tropical regions leads to a substantial reduction in available energy ( Table 3 ; Fig. B2a ), defined as Q S (1 − α) + Q Ld , where Q S is the shortwave radiation incident at the land surface, α is the surface albedo, and Q Ld is the downwelling infrared radiation at the surface. This is not always reflected in temperature changes ( Fig. 5 ). The seasonality of the albedo differences is small, presumably because
(0.006), and IPSL-CM5A (0.004) ( Fig. 6 ). This increase in albedo in tropical regions leads to a substantial reduction in available energy ( Table 3 ; Fig. B2a ), defined as Q S (1 − α) + Q Ld , where Q S is the shortwave radiation incident at the land surface, α is the surface albedo, and Q Ld is the downwelling infrared radiation at the surface. This is not always reflected in temperature changes ( Fig. 5 ). The seasonality of the albedo differences is small, presumably because
