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; Sundermeyer et al. 2005 ; Lelong and Sundermeyer 2005 ; Sundermeyer and Lelong 2005 ) termed the vortical mode ( Müller 1984 ). Kinematic arguments and numerical simulations indicate that vortical-mode stirring should be more effective than vortical-mode shear dispersion, and that this stirring may be enhanced by upscale energy transfer of vortical-mode (PV) variance ( Sundermeyer et al. 2005 ; Brunner-Suzuki et al. 2014 ). Direct measurement of finescale vortical mode in the ocean has proven
; Sundermeyer et al. 2005 ; Lelong and Sundermeyer 2005 ; Sundermeyer and Lelong 2005 ) termed the vortical mode ( Müller 1984 ). Kinematic arguments and numerical simulations indicate that vortical-mode stirring should be more effective than vortical-mode shear dispersion, and that this stirring may be enhanced by upscale energy transfer of vortical-mode (PV) variance ( Sundermeyer et al. 2005 ; Brunner-Suzuki et al. 2014 ). Direct measurement of finescale vortical mode in the ocean has proven
small scales ( Müller 1984 ). The role of vortical motion on basin scales and mesoscales, and evidence for potential-vorticity-carrying finestructure in the ocean interior are discussed in Kunze and Lien (2019) . Vortical motion does not propagate and has kinematic and dynamic properties distinct from internal waves, as demonstrated by recent numerical model simulations of a collapsing wake ( Watanabe et al. 2016 ). While internal waves propagate away from the collapsing wake, total potential
small scales ( Müller 1984 ). The role of vortical motion on basin scales and mesoscales, and evidence for potential-vorticity-carrying finestructure in the ocean interior are discussed in Kunze and Lien (2019) . Vortical motion does not propagate and has kinematic and dynamic properties distinct from internal waves, as demonstrated by recent numerical model simulations of a collapsing wake ( Watanabe et al. 2016 ). While internal waves propagate away from the collapsing wake, total potential
-resolution, nearly synoptic surveys of the dye patches, from which ideas of the kinematics of dye dispersion at scales from 0.1 to 1 km may be formed. An unanticipated benefit of the lidar/dye work is a unique look at the evolution of a dye patch in the mixed layer, which provides evidence of stirring by a relatively recently recognized class of mixed layer instabilities ( Sundermeyer et al. 2014 ). The towed instruments, especially from the Moving Vessel Profiler on R/V Endeavor and Triaxus and Hammerhead on
-resolution, nearly synoptic surveys of the dye patches, from which ideas of the kinematics of dye dispersion at scales from 0.1 to 1 km may be formed. An unanticipated benefit of the lidar/dye work is a unique look at the evolution of a dye patch in the mixed layer, which provides evidence of stirring by a relatively recently recognized class of mixed layer instabilities ( Sundermeyer et al. 2014 ). The towed instruments, especially from the Moving Vessel Profiler on R/V Endeavor and Triaxus and Hammerhead on
than most previously reported [the wavelet analysis of Ferrari and Rudnick (2000) extended to wavelengths as small as 10 m (R. Ferrari 2014, personal communication), but these were not reported]. Where they overlap, spectra from the different platforms agree closely despite different instruments, measurement locations, processing, and spectral methods. Kinematically, a k 0 (flat) gradient spectrum is consistent with a step or front for scales larger than the front’s width ( Jenkins and Watts
than most previously reported [the wavelet analysis of Ferrari and Rudnick (2000) extended to wavelengths as small as 10 m (R. Ferrari 2014, personal communication), but these were not reported]. Where they overlap, spectra from the different platforms agree closely despite different instruments, measurement locations, processing, and spectral methods. Kinematically, a k 0 (flat) gradient spectrum is consistent with a step or front for scales larger than the front’s width ( Jenkins and Watts
highlighted as a potential important error source for velocity gradients on the basis of kinematic flow fields ( Kirwan and Chang 1979 ), as well as from experience in field experiments ( Ohlmann et al. 2005 ), the impact of position and/or velocity errors on two-point dispersion estimates, especially at submesoscale separations, has not been analyzed in much detail. Drifter position errors require a detailed study because they may adversely impact observations of scale-dependent Lagrangian dispersion
highlighted as a potential important error source for velocity gradients on the basis of kinematic flow fields ( Kirwan and Chang 1979 ), as well as from experience in field experiments ( Ohlmann et al. 2005 ), the impact of position and/or velocity errors on two-point dispersion estimates, especially at submesoscale separations, has not been analyzed in much detail. Drifter position errors require a detailed study because they may adversely impact observations of scale-dependent Lagrangian dispersion
