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( Camberlin et al. 2001 ). Recently, the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea are receiving more attentions for their contributions to the rainfall variability over eastern and northern Africa, respectively ( Bowden and Semazzi 2007 ; Gimeno et al. 2012 ). These teleconnections have been used to form the basis for developing statistical approaches in forecasting drought at seasonal scales ( Barnston et al. 1996 ; Mason 1998 ). On the other hand, atmosphere–ocean–land coupled general circulation models
( Camberlin et al. 2001 ). Recently, the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea are receiving more attentions for their contributions to the rainfall variability over eastern and northern Africa, respectively ( Bowden and Semazzi 2007 ; Gimeno et al. 2012 ). These teleconnections have been used to form the basis for developing statistical approaches in forecasting drought at seasonal scales ( Barnston et al. 1996 ; Mason 1998 ). On the other hand, atmosphere–ocean–land coupled general circulation models
Mississippi basin mainly east of the Great Plains. This area also shows a major oceanic source from the Gulf of Mexico, but with more extent into the northern Caribbean Sea (see Dirmeyer and Kinter 2010 ) and little moisture coming from the west. There is again a substantial terrestrial source over the southern and central portions of the area. Figure 2 (top) also shows the evaporative source for the East Coast, which shows much more of a source from the open Atlantic than does the Mississippi basin
Mississippi basin mainly east of the Great Plains. This area also shows a major oceanic source from the Gulf of Mexico, but with more extent into the northern Caribbean Sea (see Dirmeyer and Kinter 2010 ) and little moisture coming from the west. There is again a substantial terrestrial source over the southern and central portions of the area. Figure 2 (top) also shows the evaporative source for the East Coast, which shows much more of a source from the open Atlantic than does the Mississippi basin