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cumulus code. This version is known to have excessive drying owing to the lack of downdraft effects and because of not including the effects of evaporation of falling rain in the environment, which was also a problem with the original AS scheme. In spite of these problems we have used this original RAS1 version to bring out the diversity in model forecasts when such observed features are not present. c. NRL–NOGAPS Relaxed Arakawa–Schubert Scheme The Naval Research Laboratory–Navy Operational Global
cumulus code. This version is known to have excessive drying owing to the lack of downdraft effects and because of not including the effects of evaporation of falling rain in the environment, which was also a problem with the original AS scheme. In spite of these problems we have used this original RAS1 version to bring out the diversity in model forecasts when such observed features are not present. c. NRL–NOGAPS Relaxed Arakawa–Schubert Scheme The Naval Research Laboratory–Navy Operational Global
Coauthors , 2000 : The status of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) after two years in orbit. J. Appl. Meteor. , 39 , 1965 – 1982 . Mishra , A. K. , and T. N. Krishnamurti , 2007 : Current status of multimodel superensemble and operational NWP forecast of the Indian summer monsoon. J. Earth Syst. Sci. , 116 , 369 – 384 . Pleim , J. E. , and A. Xiu , 1995 : Development and testing of a surface flux and planetary boundary layer model for application in mesoscale models
Coauthors , 2000 : The status of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) after two years in orbit. J. Appl. Meteor. , 39 , 1965 – 1982 . Mishra , A. K. , and T. N. Krishnamurti , 2007 : Current status of multimodel superensemble and operational NWP forecast of the Indian summer monsoon. J. Earth Syst. Sci. , 116 , 369 – 384 . Pleim , J. E. , and A. Xiu , 1995 : Development and testing of a surface flux and planetary boundary layer model for application in mesoscale models
Prediction (NCEP) Eta Model (48-km horizontal resolution) and found that diurnal variations over the SMO were weaker than the satellite estimates. He argued that these differences were reasonable because the satellite rainfall estimates were based on the maximum instantaneous rainfall in the afternoon, while the model forecast was integrated over time. The arguments above motivate the need for high spatial and temporal resolution ground-based observations to validate both modeled and satellite
Prediction (NCEP) Eta Model (48-km horizontal resolution) and found that diurnal variations over the SMO were weaker than the satellite estimates. He argued that these differences were reasonable because the satellite rainfall estimates were based on the maximum instantaneous rainfall in the afternoon, while the model forecast was integrated over time. The arguments above motivate the need for high spatial and temporal resolution ground-based observations to validate both modeled and satellite
