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example the azimuthal mode 5 wave in Fig. 1 has possible eigenvalues J 5 ( κR ) = 0, or κR = 8.77, 12.34 . . . in this approximation. These solutions have the usual properties of β -plane Rossby waves at short wavelength and asymptotic shortwave rays that propagate along straight lines, analogous to the great-circle ray paths of Rossby waves on a rotating sphere ( Longuet-Higgins 1964 ). Thus the rays from a point source should approach the pole and then retreat toward lower latitude. They are
example the azimuthal mode 5 wave in Fig. 1 has possible eigenvalues J 5 ( κR ) = 0, or κR = 8.77, 12.34 . . . in this approximation. These solutions have the usual properties of β -plane Rossby waves at short wavelength and asymptotic shortwave rays that propagate along straight lines, analogous to the great-circle ray paths of Rossby waves on a rotating sphere ( Longuet-Higgins 1964 ). Thus the rays from a point source should approach the pole and then retreat toward lower latitude. They are