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estimates of roughness length and displacement height. We use the approach of Macdonald et al. (1998) to calculate displacement height d canopy and momentum roughness length z 0 m ,canopy for the urban canopy, which appears to be a reasonable compromise between minimizing input requirements and yielding acceptable results ( Grimmond and Oke 1999a ). The canopy displacement height d canopy (m) is where H is canyon (roof) height (m), α = 4.43 is an empirical coefficient, and λ p is plan area
estimates of roughness length and displacement height. We use the approach of Macdonald et al. (1998) to calculate displacement height d canopy and momentum roughness length z 0 m ,canopy for the urban canopy, which appears to be a reasonable compromise between minimizing input requirements and yielding acceptable results ( Grimmond and Oke 1999a ). The canopy displacement height d canopy (m) is where H is canyon (roof) height (m), α = 4.43 is an empirical coefficient, and λ p is plan area
NOAA TOVS satellite data have contributed significantly to the improvements in the FASDAS results of this study. Future and new satellite-based sounding data such Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC), and soil moisture products from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR), and the planned Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) datasets could be of significant value over the Indian monsoon region. Acknowledgments MM5 was obtained from NCAR. NCEP
NOAA TOVS satellite data have contributed significantly to the improvements in the FASDAS results of this study. Future and new satellite-based sounding data such Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC), and soil moisture products from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR), and the planned Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) datasets could be of significant value over the Indian monsoon region. Acknowledgments MM5 was obtained from NCAR. NCEP
