Search Results
wavelengths (see appendix B ) and to vertical variations in gravity wave activity [cf. Figs. 3a and 3b of Hoffmann and Alexander (2009) ]; (ii) radiative transfer (RT) is simpler. Kernel functions in the 4.3 μ m band, by contrast, are broader vertically and RT is complicated by breakdown of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE; DeSouza-Machado et al. 2007 ; Hoffmann and Alexander 2009 ; Chen et al. 2013 ). Corresponding 4.3 μ m gravity wave products are described in section 2c and are compared to
wavelengths (see appendix B ) and to vertical variations in gravity wave activity [cf. Figs. 3a and 3b of Hoffmann and Alexander (2009) ]; (ii) radiative transfer (RT) is simpler. Kernel functions in the 4.3 μ m band, by contrast, are broader vertically and RT is complicated by breakdown of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE; DeSouza-Machado et al. 2007 ; Hoffmann and Alexander 2009 ; Chen et al. 2013 ). Corresponding 4.3 μ m gravity wave products are described in section 2c and are compared to
Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM; Han et al. 2010 ), such as the upwelling radiation propagation vector and geomagnetic field vectors ( Maurer et al. 2015 ). Within NAVGEM, systematic radiance biases are identified and removed using variational bias correction (varBC; Dee and Uppala 2009 ), with the LAS and UAS channels treated separately, replacing earlier SSMIS bias-correction procedures described in section 4a of Hoppel et al. (2013) . Bias-corrected UAS radiances are assimilated here
Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM; Han et al. 2010 ), such as the upwelling radiation propagation vector and geomagnetic field vectors ( Maurer et al. 2015 ). Within NAVGEM, systematic radiance biases are identified and removed using variational bias correction (varBC; Dee and Uppala 2009 ), with the LAS and UAS channels treated separately, replacing earlier SSMIS bias-correction procedures described in section 4a of Hoppel et al. (2013) . Bias-corrected UAS radiances are assimilated here
small (acoustic) time step, respectively. Thereby meteorologically significant low-frequency modes are integrated with the large RK3 time step, whereas high-frequency acoustic modes and gravity waves are integrated over smaller time steps to maintain numeric stability. In this study, a large time step of 15 s is used. Physical parameterizations used in this study contain the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model longwave scheme ( Mlawer et al. 1997 ), the Goddard shortwave scheme ( Chou and Suarez 1994
small (acoustic) time step, respectively. Thereby meteorologically significant low-frequency modes are integrated with the large RK3 time step, whereas high-frequency acoustic modes and gravity waves are integrated over smaller time steps to maintain numeric stability. In this study, a large time step of 15 s is used. Physical parameterizations used in this study contain the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model longwave scheme ( Mlawer et al. 1997 ), the Goddard shortwave scheme ( Chou and Suarez 1994
parameterization in thermal infrared radiative transfer . J. Atmos. Sci. , 54 , 2799 – 2812 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2799:MSPITI>2.0.CO;2 . 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2799:MSPITI>2.0.CO;2 Garfinkel , C. I. , and L. D. Oman , 2018 : Effect of gravity waves from small islands in the Southern Ocean on the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , 123 , 1552 – 1561 , https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027576 . 10.1002/2017JD027576 Gregory , K. D. , and B
parameterization in thermal infrared radiative transfer . J. Atmos. Sci. , 54 , 2799 – 2812 , https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2799:MSPITI>2.0.CO;2 . 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2799:MSPITI>2.0.CO;2 Garfinkel , C. I. , and L. D. Oman , 2018 : Effect of gravity waves from small islands in the Southern Ocean on the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , 123 , 1552 – 1561 , https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027576 . 10.1002/2017JD027576 Gregory , K. D. , and B
