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reaches of the Yangtze River Valley and southern Japan and suppresses precipitation over the South China Sea (SCS) and Philippine Sea. Although the first leading modes explain only a small portion (10%–20%) of the total variance of rainfall and 850-hPa winds because of the complexity of the EASM spatial patterns, they are physically meaningful. The major components of the EASM, such as the WPSH, the tropical monsoon trough, and the mei-yu–baiu–changma, are clearly depicted by the first modes ( Fig. 3
reaches of the Yangtze River Valley and southern Japan and suppresses precipitation over the South China Sea (SCS) and Philippine Sea. Although the first leading modes explain only a small portion (10%–20%) of the total variance of rainfall and 850-hPa winds because of the complexity of the EASM spatial patterns, they are physically meaningful. The major components of the EASM, such as the WPSH, the tropical monsoon trough, and the mei-yu–baiu–changma, are clearly depicted by the first modes ( Fig. 3
climate models. Part I: Formulation and simulation characteristics. J. Climate , 19 , 643 – 674 . Enfield , D. , A. M. Mestas-Nuñez , and P. J. Trimble , 2001 : The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its relation to rainfall and river flows in the continental U.S. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 28 , 2077 – 2080 . Held , I. M. , M. Ting , and H. Wang , 2002 : Northern winter stationary waves: Theory and modeling. J. Climate , 15 , 2125 – 2144 . Higgins , R. W. , A. Leetmaa
climate models. Part I: Formulation and simulation characteristics. J. Climate , 19 , 643 – 674 . Enfield , D. , A. M. Mestas-Nuñez , and P. J. Trimble , 2001 : The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its relation to rainfall and river flows in the continental U.S. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 28 , 2077 – 2080 . Held , I. M. , M. Ting , and H. Wang , 2002 : Northern winter stationary waves: Theory and modeling. J. Climate , 15 , 2125 – 2144 . Higgins , R. W. , A. Leetmaa
-Nuñez , and P. J. Trimble , 2001 : The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and its relationship to rainfall and river flows in the continental U.S. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 28 , 2077 – 2080 . Ezer , T. , 1999 : Decadal variabilities of the upper layers of the subtropical North Atlantic: An ocean model study. J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 29 , 3111 – 3124 . Ferreira , D. , C. Frankignoul , and J. Marshall , 2001 : Coupled ocean–atmosphere dynamics in a simple midlatitude climate model. J
-Nuñez , and P. J. Trimble , 2001 : The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and its relationship to rainfall and river flows in the continental U.S. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 28 , 2077 – 2080 . Ezer , T. , 1999 : Decadal variabilities of the upper layers of the subtropical North Atlantic: An ocean model study. J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 29 , 3111 – 3124 . Ferreira , D. , C. Frankignoul , and J. Marshall , 2001 : Coupled ocean–atmosphere dynamics in a simple midlatitude climate model. J
