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; Coelho et al. 2006 ) and therefore provide comparative perspective for CMIP3 simulations. For this reason, this study is performed using the following climate models: Three Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction (DEMETER) ( Palmer et al. 2004 ) coupled seasonal forecast models [European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Météo-France, and Met Office (UKMO)], which have long hindcasts extending back to the mid-twentieth century and
; Coelho et al. 2006 ) and therefore provide comparative perspective for CMIP3 simulations. For this reason, this study is performed using the following climate models: Three Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction (DEMETER) ( Palmer et al. 2004 ) coupled seasonal forecast models [European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Météo-France, and Met Office (UKMO)], which have long hindcasts extending back to the mid-twentieth century and