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An operations center was designed for the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment to facilitate the task of coordinating research activities. This paper describes the facilities of the center and the role of the operations team—consisting of a director and supporting instrument systems coordinators—in its development and daily use. Features of this center should be of interest to personnel planning large meteorological field experiments involving complex, integrated research operations.
An operations center was designed for the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment to facilitate the task of coordinating research activities. This paper describes the facilities of the center and the role of the operations team—consisting of a director and supporting instrument systems coordinators—in its development and daily use. Features of this center should be of interest to personnel planning large meteorological field experiments involving complex, integrated research operations.
Abstract
Objective numerical techniques are applied in analyzing constant altitude aircraft measurements obtained from coordinated research flights in thunderstorm inflow regions. The approach combines meteorological and flight track data from dual or single aircraft missions in a common frame of reference and transforms the observations from original analogue format to horizontal two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates. Operational procedures guiding the data collection, intercomparison techniques for refining instrument calibrations and corrections for aircraft navigation errors are all considered.
Results of the interpolations are judged in the context of the storms' associated radar echo features. Primary applications include calculation of water vapor influx in cloud base updrafts. Evidence indicates that the fullest exploitation of the inflow mapping will come through combining kinematic fields observed concurrently by aircraft and multiple Doppler radars.
Abstract
Objective numerical techniques are applied in analyzing constant altitude aircraft measurements obtained from coordinated research flights in thunderstorm inflow regions. The approach combines meteorological and flight track data from dual or single aircraft missions in a common frame of reference and transforms the observations from original analogue format to horizontal two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates. Operational procedures guiding the data collection, intercomparison techniques for refining instrument calibrations and corrections for aircraft navigation errors are all considered.
Results of the interpolations are judged in the context of the storms' associated radar echo features. Primary applications include calculation of water vapor influx in cloud base updrafts. Evidence indicates that the fullest exploitation of the inflow mapping will come through combining kinematic fields observed concurrently by aircraft and multiple Doppler radars.
Abstract
The response of the CSIRO liquid water content (LWC) device to water drops of different sizes has been investigated in a wind tunnel. Two series of experiments were conducted. The first compared the probe-measured LWC of sprays with different median volume diameters (MVD) to the LWC computed through water mass conservation considerations; the second series compared the probe LWC to that computed from the droplet spectra measured by Particle Measuring Systems' (PMS) probes. In the first series of experiments, the response was found to decrease from 100% for a water spray with an MVD of ∼ 20 μm to about 50% for a spray with an MVD of ∼ 150–200 μm. From these results, we expect that the King Probe can be used without correction for measuring the LWC of droplet distributions with MVDs less than about 40 μm. As the MVD increases, there will be a gradually diminishing response, which for MVDs of greater than 100 μm will require substantial correction.
The second series of experiments produced physically unreasonable results, suggesting that the size calibration of the PMS Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe needs to be reevalualed. These results also indicate that a correction is required for the PMS Two-Dimensional Grey Optical Array Imaging Probe.
Abstract
The response of the CSIRO liquid water content (LWC) device to water drops of different sizes has been investigated in a wind tunnel. Two series of experiments were conducted. The first compared the probe-measured LWC of sprays with different median volume diameters (MVD) to the LWC computed through water mass conservation considerations; the second series compared the probe LWC to that computed from the droplet spectra measured by Particle Measuring Systems' (PMS) probes. In the first series of experiments, the response was found to decrease from 100% for a water spray with an MVD of ∼ 20 μm to about 50% for a spray with an MVD of ∼ 150–200 μm. From these results, we expect that the King Probe can be used without correction for measuring the LWC of droplet distributions with MVDs less than about 40 μm. As the MVD increases, there will be a gradually diminishing response, which for MVDs of greater than 100 μm will require substantial correction.
The second series of experiments produced physically unreasonable results, suggesting that the size calibration of the PMS Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe needs to be reevalualed. These results also indicate that a correction is required for the PMS Two-Dimensional Grey Optical Array Imaging Probe.
