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Abstract
It is shown that the interaction of long, quasi-stationary baroclinic waves with topography can be described by an inhomogeneous Korteweg-deVries equation whose solutions exhibit a variety of phenomena familiar from the study of baroclinic waves in other contexts. In particular solutions involving lee waves and upstream influence, multiple equilibria and soliton-like phase shifts between solitary waves and topography have been found under various parameter settings.
Abstract
It is shown that the interaction of long, quasi-stationary baroclinic waves with topography can be described by an inhomogeneous Korteweg-deVries equation whose solutions exhibit a variety of phenomena familiar from the study of baroclinic waves in other contexts. In particular solutions involving lee waves and upstream influence, multiple equilibria and soliton-like phase shifts between solitary waves and topography have been found under various parameter settings.
Abstract
The Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model is the Canadian atmospheric model used for meteorological forecasting at all scales. A limited-area version now also exists. It is a gridpoint model with an implicit semi-Lagrangian iterative space–time integration scheme. In the “horizontal,” the equations are written in spherical coordinates with the traditional shallow atmosphere approximations and are discretized on an Arakawa C grid. In the “vertical,” the equations were originally defined using a hydrostatic-pressure coordinate and discretized on a regular (unstaggered) grid, a configuration found to be particularly susceptible to noise. Among the possible alternatives, the Charney–Phillips grid, with its unique characteristics, and, as the vertical coordinate, log-hydrostatic pressure are adopted. In this paper, an attempt is made to justify these two choices on theoretical grounds. The resulting equations and their vertical discretization are described and the solution method of what is forming the new dynamical core of GEM is presented, focusing on these two aspects.
Abstract
The Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model is the Canadian atmospheric model used for meteorological forecasting at all scales. A limited-area version now also exists. It is a gridpoint model with an implicit semi-Lagrangian iterative space–time integration scheme. In the “horizontal,” the equations are written in spherical coordinates with the traditional shallow atmosphere approximations and are discretized on an Arakawa C grid. In the “vertical,” the equations were originally defined using a hydrostatic-pressure coordinate and discretized on a regular (unstaggered) grid, a configuration found to be particularly susceptible to noise. Among the possible alternatives, the Charney–Phillips grid, with its unique characteristics, and, as the vertical coordinate, log-hydrostatic pressure are adopted. In this paper, an attempt is made to justify these two choices on theoretical grounds. The resulting equations and their vertical discretization are described and the solution method of what is forming the new dynamical core of GEM is presented, focusing on these two aspects.
