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- Author or Editor: Edwin X. Berry x
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Abstract
A mathematical framework is described which allows the logical joining of the processes of condensation, collection and advection, and also freezing and electrical effects in a cloud model.
Abstract
A mathematical framework is described which allows the logical joining of the processes of condensation, collection and advection, and also freezing and electrical effects in a cloud model.
Abstract
Time-lapse photographs taken of a visual tracer laid in horizontal lines at several levels, one above the other, show convective motion of the air in a vertical plane. Through minor improvements in technique a three-dimensional picture of the air motion could be achieved.
Abstract
Time-lapse photographs taken of a visual tracer laid in horizontal lines at several levels, one above the other, show convective motion of the air in a vertical plane. Through minor improvements in technique a three-dimensional picture of the air motion could be achieved.
Abstract
Accretion is shown to have a narrowing effect on the drop size distribution while the newly defined processes “large hydrometeor self-collection, ” is shown to he responsible for the rapid growth of large hydrometeors and observed broadening of drop distribution. Both processes are given parameterizations in terms of rate equations and coefficients.
Abstract
Accretion is shown to have a narrowing effect on the drop size distribution while the newly defined processes “large hydrometeor self-collection, ” is shown to he responsible for the rapid growth of large hydrometeors and observed broadening of drop distribution. Both processes are given parameterizations in terms of rate equations and coefficients.
Abstract
A new parameterization of cloud particle growth combines the effects of accretion and self-collection, and frees the large-hydrometeor water mass and spectral moments to grow independently. The large-hydrometeor water mass grows through accretion in proportion to the cloud water mass. The spectral moments grow through self-collection in proportion to the large-hydrometeor water content. Accretion is also dependent upon the magnitude of the spectral moments and thus an important feedback loop occurs.
The spreading or narrowing of the drop spectrum is dependent upon the collection kernel and the relative magnitudes of accretion and self-collection in the region of interest. These effects are included in the parameterization. In order for the spectrum to spread there must exist both the stochastic mode and a sufficiently rapid increase in the collection kernel with drop size.
Abstract
A new parameterization of cloud particle growth combines the effects of accretion and self-collection, and frees the large-hydrometeor water mass and spectral moments to grow independently. The large-hydrometeor water mass grows through accretion in proportion to the cloud water mass. The spectral moments grow through self-collection in proportion to the large-hydrometeor water content. Accretion is also dependent upon the magnitude of the spectral moments and thus an important feedback loop occurs.
The spreading or narrowing of the drop spectrum is dependent upon the collection kernel and the relative magnitudes of accretion and self-collection in the region of interest. These effects are included in the parameterization. In order for the spectrum to spread there must exist both the stochastic mode and a sufficiently rapid increase in the collection kernel with drop size.
Abstract
A new, highly accurate, yet fast method for the numerical solution of the stochastic collection equation is described. Basic size distribution parameters are defined that lay a basis for a parameterized description of stochastic collection. Application is made to double initial distributions. A newly defined mode, here designated “large hydrometeor self-collection”, is found to occupy an important position along with auto-conversion, accretion and breakup in the generalized description of drop growth by collection.
Abstract
A new, highly accurate, yet fast method for the numerical solution of the stochastic collection equation is described. Basic size distribution parameters are defined that lay a basis for a parameterized description of stochastic collection. Application is made to double initial distributions. A newly defined mode, here designated “large hydrometeor self-collection”, is found to occupy an important position along with auto-conversion, accretion and breakup in the generalized description of drop growth by collection.
Abstract
The initial spreading of a cloud droplet distribution, its time of formation and placement of the second maximum, and the value of the minimum between the two maxima are systematically related to the mean mass and standard deviation of the initial distribution.
Abstract
The initial spreading of a cloud droplet distribution, its time of formation and placement of the second maximum, and the value of the minimum between the two maxima are systematically related to the mean mass and standard deviation of the initial distribution.
Abstract
The experimental data of Gunn and Kinzer, Beard and Pruppacher, and Davies are used to curve-fit a polynomial for Re in terms of C d Re2. The resulting equations predict very accurately all known experimental data for drop fall velocities at sea level and at higher altitudes. Iteration of the equations is not necessary.
Abstract
The experimental data of Gunn and Kinzer, Beard and Pruppacher, and Davies are used to curve-fit a polynomial for Re in terms of C d Re2. The resulting equations predict very accurately all known experimental data for drop fall velocities at sea level and at higher altitudes. Iteration of the equations is not necessary.
Abstract
A severe hailstorm having many of the characteristics of Browning's right-moving severe local storms occurred in Alberta on 28 July 1969. This storm was systematically scanned by the Alberta Hail Studies high-resolution 10-cm radar and by the 3-cm radar in the Desert Research Institute's B-26 research aircraft. The former obtained reflectivity factor data throughout the volume of the storm while the latter obtained ground-reference PPI radar contours at flight levels varying from cloud base (7000 ft MSL) to 16,000 ft, and updraft measurements on the southern side of the storm in the Weak Echo Region (WER). Updrafts were smooth and reached a speed of 3500 ft min−1 (18 m sec−1). The width of the WER narrowed from ∼4 mi near cloud base to 2 mi at 16,000 ft. The radar echo was found to tilt approximately 40° from the vertical toward the right of the mean environmental winds. The echo intensity reached 30 dBZ at 25,000 ft directly above the WER.
Abstract
A severe hailstorm having many of the characteristics of Browning's right-moving severe local storms occurred in Alberta on 28 July 1969. This storm was systematically scanned by the Alberta Hail Studies high-resolution 10-cm radar and by the 3-cm radar in the Desert Research Institute's B-26 research aircraft. The former obtained reflectivity factor data throughout the volume of the storm while the latter obtained ground-reference PPI radar contours at flight levels varying from cloud base (7000 ft MSL) to 16,000 ft, and updraft measurements on the southern side of the storm in the Weak Echo Region (WER). Updrafts were smooth and reached a speed of 3500 ft min−1 (18 m sec−1). The width of the WER narrowed from ∼4 mi near cloud base to 2 mi at 16,000 ft. The radar echo was found to tilt approximately 40° from the vertical toward the right of the mean environmental winds. The echo intensity reached 30 dBZ at 25,000 ft directly above the WER.
Abstract
Common motor oil is injected into the exhaust manifold of an aircraft where it is vaporized, and then mixes into the cold outside air to condense into a dense oil fog. This air marking technique has been used in atmospheric research activities to visually track or maintain contact between research aircraft in flight, and to track seeded plumes and air parcels.
Abstract
Common motor oil is injected into the exhaust manifold of an aircraft where it is vaporized, and then mixes into the cold outside air to condense into a dense oil fog. This air marking technique has been used in atmospheric research activities to visually track or maintain contact between research aircraft in flight, and to track seeded plumes and air parcels.
