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- Author or Editor: F. Kirk Odencrantz x
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Abstract
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Abstract
Numerical values obtained in laboratory studies of nucleation effectiveness of pyrotechnically produced smokes are strongly dependent on experimental conditions. Contact nucleation is shown to be relatively important at warm temperatures, when the nuclei are produced in a supercooled cloud of high liquid water content. Thus, pyrotechnics designed to produce nuclei in supercooled clouds should be tested under appropriate conditions.
Abstract
Numerical values obtained in laboratory studies of nucleation effectiveness of pyrotechnically produced smokes are strongly dependent on experimental conditions. Contact nucleation is shown to be relatively important at warm temperatures, when the nuclei are produced in a supercooled cloud of high liquid water content. Thus, pyrotechnics designed to produce nuclei in supercooled clouds should be tested under appropriate conditions.
Abstract
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Abstract
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Abstract
Small quantities of solid rocket motor propellant, of the type to launch the Space Shuttle, were burned at ambient pressure in the laboratory to provide aerosol samples for characterization. A portion of each sample was injected into an isothermal cloud chamber and the remainder into a 770 ℓ holding tank. Portable ice nucleus (IN) counters, filter devices for IN determinations and a cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) counter sampled from the tank.
The measurements show that particles resulting from the combustion of the propellant are active IN (3.3 × 108 to 1.5 × 1011 g−1 active at −20°C). The portable counters and filters detected significantly fewer IN than the isothermal cloud chamber. The propellant aerosol is a prolific source of CCN that swamped the instrument.
Abstract
Small quantities of solid rocket motor propellant, of the type to launch the Space Shuttle, were burned at ambient pressure in the laboratory to provide aerosol samples for characterization. A portion of each sample was injected into an isothermal cloud chamber and the remainder into a 770 ℓ holding tank. Portable ice nucleus (IN) counters, filter devices for IN determinations and a cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) counter sampled from the tank.
The measurements show that particles resulting from the combustion of the propellant are active IN (3.3 × 108 to 1.5 × 1011 g−1 active at −20°C). The portable counters and filters detected significantly fewer IN than the isothermal cloud chamber. The propellant aerosol is a prolific source of CCN that swamped the instrument.
