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- Author or Editor: Frank Gifford Jr. x
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Simultaneous measurements of turbulent vertical velocity fluctuations at a height of 300 ft. measured by means of a fixed anemometer, small floating balloons, and airplane gust equipment at Brookhaven are presented. The resulting Eulerian (fixed anemometer) turbulence energy spectra are similar to the Lagrangian (balloon) spectra but with a displacement toward higher frequencies.
Abstract
Simultaneous measurements of turbulent vertical velocity fluctuations at a height of 300 ft. measured by means of a fixed anemometer, small floating balloons, and airplane gust equipment at Brookhaven are presented. The resulting Eulerian (fixed anemometer) turbulence energy spectra are similar to the Lagrangian (balloon) spectra but with a displacement toward higher frequencies.
Abstract
Under the assumption of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, an equation is obtained for diffusion from an instantaneous volume source that has spherical symmetry but otherwise a virtually arbitrary initial distribution. Several special cases are fully developed and compared, the most general being one in which the initial maximum concentration may occur away from the center of the source.
Abstract
Under the assumption of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, an equation is obtained for diffusion from an instantaneous volume source that has spherical symmetry but otherwise a virtually arbitrary initial distribution. Several special cases are fully developed and compared, the most general being one in which the initial maximum concentration may occur away from the center of the source.
A short series of unusually detailed temperature, humidity, and wind soundings to a height of about 750 mb., made at Silver Hill, Md. on the night of October 30th and 31st, 1950, and consisting of eight flights of specially modified radiosondes and 26 double-theodolite pilot balloon runs, is presented. The nocturnal breakdown of the ground inversion with steep wind gradients, a phenomenon first remarked by Durst in 1933, is here observed apparently to be associated with the sudden lowering of an upper (turbulence or subsidence) inversion. Alternative explanations for this are advanced, and implications for minimum temperature and stratus forecasting noted. The accuracy of the observations is discussed.
A short series of unusually detailed temperature, humidity, and wind soundings to a height of about 750 mb., made at Silver Hill, Md. on the night of October 30th and 31st, 1950, and consisting of eight flights of specially modified radiosondes and 26 double-theodolite pilot balloon runs, is presented. The nocturnal breakdown of the ground inversion with steep wind gradients, a phenomenon first remarked by Durst in 1933, is here observed apparently to be associated with the sudden lowering of an upper (turbulence or subsidence) inversion. Alternative explanations for this are advanced, and implications for minimum temperature and stratus forecasting noted. The accuracy of the observations is discussed.
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Approximately 2,000 zero-lift, double-theodolite pilot balloon observations made at Oak Ridge, Tenn., are analyzed in order to study low level air trajectories over hilly terrain. Paths of air parcels are found to fall into characteristic groups, depending on wind speed and stability conditions. Eddy patterns for these groups are determined, and these are found to resemble similar patterns determined for different types of terrain. The properties of low level air flow, particularly of vertical velocity patterns, are displayed in various ways. Slope winds due to thermal-dynamical effects appear to contribute more to these patterns than does a purely mechanical lifting effect.
Abstract
Approximately 2,000 zero-lift, double-theodolite pilot balloon observations made at Oak Ridge, Tenn., are analyzed in order to study low level air trajectories over hilly terrain. Paths of air parcels are found to fall into characteristic groups, depending on wind speed and stability conditions. Eddy patterns for these groups are determined, and these are found to resemble similar patterns determined for different types of terrain. The properties of low level air flow, particularly of vertical velocity patterns, are displayed in various ways. Slope winds due to thermal-dynamical effects appear to contribute more to these patterns than does a purely mechanical lifting effect.
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