Search Results
You are looking at 1 - 2 of 2 items for
- Author or Editor: J. A. Flueck x
- Refine by Access: All Content x
Abstract
Research criteria and methods are presented for performing and evaluating the growing discipline of solar-weather studies. A clear distinction among preliminary, exploratory, and confirmatory studies is presented, and it is shown that this distinction affects all dimensions and findings of a study. Particular attention is given to conceptual models, variables and data, sample designs, analyses, and formal ampliative inference issues under exploratory and confirmatory conditions. The utility of the proposed criteria and methods are illustrated by evaluating two recent solar-weather claims of strong association between solar flux and stratospheric temperature at the North Pole when partitioned by the phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation. The results of the evaluation indicate that these claims are only exploratory ones and are still in need of confirming evidence. Last, a reanalysis of the solar flux and temperature relation, using some of the proposed methods, indicates that the association actually changes with time, and thus, there appears to be other, presently unknown, factors that affect this potential solar-weather relation.
Abstract
Research criteria and methods are presented for performing and evaluating the growing discipline of solar-weather studies. A clear distinction among preliminary, exploratory, and confirmatory studies is presented, and it is shown that this distinction affects all dimensions and findings of a study. Particular attention is given to conceptual models, variables and data, sample designs, analyses, and formal ampliative inference issues under exploratory and confirmatory conditions. The utility of the proposed criteria and methods are illustrated by evaluating two recent solar-weather claims of strong association between solar flux and stratospheric temperature at the North Pole when partitioned by the phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation. The results of the evaluation indicate that these claims are only exploratory ones and are still in need of confirming evidence. Last, a reanalysis of the solar flux and temperature relation, using some of the proposed methods, indicates that the association actually changes with time, and thus, there appears to be other, presently unknown, factors that affect this potential solar-weather relation.
Abstract
The Florida Area Cumulus Experiment (FACE) was a two-stage program dedicated to assessing the potential of “dynamic seeding” for enhancing convective rainfall in a fixed target area. FACE-1 (1970–76) was an exploratory cloud seeding experiment that produced substantial indications of a positive treatment effect on rain at the ground, and FACE-2 (1978–80) was a confirmatory experiment that did not confirm the treatment effect results of FACE-1.
This article presents some new analyses of both the FACE-1 and FACE-2 data in an effort to better understand the role of meteorological and treatment factors on rainfall in the days selected for experimentation in Florida. The analyses rely upon a guided exploratory linear modeling of the natural target area rainfall and the potential treatment effects. In particular, a conceptual model of natural Florida rainfall is utilized to guide the construction of the exploratory linear model. After the form of the model is selected it is fitted to both the FACE-1 and the FACE-2 data sets in an attempt to reassess the effects of treatment.
Two approaches are taken to assessing the treatment effects in FACE-1 and in FACF-2: cross-comparison and cross-validation. Both techniques suggest a positive treatment effect in each stage of FACE (i.e., 30–45% in FACE-1 and 10–15% in FACF-2). However, the conventional 0.05 unadjusted statistical level of support is only present in the FACE-1 data. The question of whether FACE-1 results were different from FACE-2 is unresolved. These results continue to emphasize the need to better account for the natural convective precipitation processes in south Florida prior to conducting a cloud seeding project.
Abstract
The Florida Area Cumulus Experiment (FACE) was a two-stage program dedicated to assessing the potential of “dynamic seeding” for enhancing convective rainfall in a fixed target area. FACE-1 (1970–76) was an exploratory cloud seeding experiment that produced substantial indications of a positive treatment effect on rain at the ground, and FACE-2 (1978–80) was a confirmatory experiment that did not confirm the treatment effect results of FACE-1.
This article presents some new analyses of both the FACE-1 and FACE-2 data in an effort to better understand the role of meteorological and treatment factors on rainfall in the days selected for experimentation in Florida. The analyses rely upon a guided exploratory linear modeling of the natural target area rainfall and the potential treatment effects. In particular, a conceptual model of natural Florida rainfall is utilized to guide the construction of the exploratory linear model. After the form of the model is selected it is fitted to both the FACE-1 and the FACE-2 data sets in an attempt to reassess the effects of treatment.
Two approaches are taken to assessing the treatment effects in FACE-1 and in FACF-2: cross-comparison and cross-validation. Both techniques suggest a positive treatment effect in each stage of FACE (i.e., 30–45% in FACE-1 and 10–15% in FACF-2). However, the conventional 0.05 unadjusted statistical level of support is only present in the FACE-1 data. The question of whether FACE-1 results were different from FACE-2 is unresolved. These results continue to emphasize the need to better account for the natural convective precipitation processes in south Florida prior to conducting a cloud seeding project.
