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- Author or Editor: Jason K. S. Ching x
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Abstract
Comparison of wind speeds measured by ship mast and boom instrumentation during the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) are presented. It was found that the mast wind measurements are strongly affected by the ship's superstructure when the ship is lying broadside to the wind.
Abstract
Comparison of wind speeds measured by ship mast and boom instrumentation during the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) are presented. It was found that the mast wind measurements are strongly affected by the ship's superstructure when the ship is lying broadside to the wind.
Abstract
Data from Period III (19 June–2 July, 1969) of the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) are used to compute the vorticity budget in the planetary boundary layer. The computed residual, assumed to be the curl of the stress, is then used to obtain an estimate of the drag coefficient. This estimate compares well with results obtained by other BOMEX investigators and in other independent experiments. The top of the planetary boundary layer is assumed to be located at the level where both the stress and stress gradient, computed from the momentum conservation equations, vanish. This is at approximately 1300 m, but tests indicate that the results are rather insensitive to assumed values in the range of 1300 to approximately 1600 m, the base of the trade-wind inversion. Computations for a relatively undisturbed period show a near-balance between anticyclonic vorticity generation by boundary layer divergence and vorticity destruction by friction. However, during a mildly disturbed period the advection and local change terms no longer appear to be negligible.
Abstract
Data from Period III (19 June–2 July, 1969) of the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) are used to compute the vorticity budget in the planetary boundary layer. The computed residual, assumed to be the curl of the stress, is then used to obtain an estimate of the drag coefficient. This estimate compares well with results obtained by other BOMEX investigators and in other independent experiments. The top of the planetary boundary layer is assumed to be located at the level where both the stress and stress gradient, computed from the momentum conservation equations, vanish. This is at approximately 1300 m, but tests indicate that the results are rather insensitive to assumed values in the range of 1300 to approximately 1600 m, the base of the trade-wind inversion. Computations for a relatively undisturbed period show a near-balance between anticyclonic vorticity generation by boundary layer divergence and vorticity destruction by friction. However, during a mildly disturbed period the advection and local change terms no longer appear to be negligible.
Abstract
The equations for horizontally homogeneous planetary boundary layer flow with constant eddy viscosity are integrated in time and height. The special case for which the direction of the pressure gradient force is a periodic function of time is studied in detail. The nondimensional number F=z(4Kt)−½ is seen to be the proper scale which describes the flow response to the boundary layer.
Abstract
The equations for horizontally homogeneous planetary boundary layer flow with constant eddy viscosity are integrated in time and height. The special case for which the direction of the pressure gradient force is a periodic function of time is studied in detail. The nondimensional number F=z(4Kt)−½ is seen to be the proper scale which describes the flow response to the boundary layer.
Abstract
An urban canopy parameterization (UCP) is implemented into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) to improve meteorological fields in the urban boundary layer for finescale (∼1-km horizontal grid spacing) simulations. The UCP uses the drag-force approach for dynamics and a simple treatment of the urban thermodynamics to account for the effects of the urban environment. The UCP is evaluated using a real-data application for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The simulations show that the UCP produces profiles of wind speed, friction velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and potential temperature that are more consistent with the observations taken in urban areas and data from idealized wind tunnel studies of urban areas than do simulations that use the roughness approach. In addition, comparisons with meteorological measurements show that the UCP simulations are superior to those that use the roughness approach. This improvement of the treatment of the urban areas in the meteorological model could have implications for simulating air chemistry processes at this scale.
Abstract
An urban canopy parameterization (UCP) is implemented into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) to improve meteorological fields in the urban boundary layer for finescale (∼1-km horizontal grid spacing) simulations. The UCP uses the drag-force approach for dynamics and a simple treatment of the urban thermodynamics to account for the effects of the urban environment. The UCP is evaluated using a real-data application for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The simulations show that the UCP produces profiles of wind speed, friction velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and potential temperature that are more consistent with the observations taken in urban areas and data from idealized wind tunnel studies of urban areas than do simulations that use the roughness approach. In addition, comparisons with meteorological measurements show that the UCP simulations are superior to those that use the roughness approach. This improvement of the treatment of the urban areas in the meteorological model could have implications for simulating air chemistry processes at this scale.
Development and validation of transport models for the study of regional acid deposition require improved observations of pollutant transport and dispersion processes. No suitable method for air-parcel tracking along nonconstant density surfaces is available. The feasibility of using an airborne lidar system to observe atmospheric transport and dispersion of fluorescent-dye-particle (FDP) tracers was demonstrated for various meteorological conditions and FDP-release scenarios in the general area of the Cross-Appalachian Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX) during October 1983. This paper presents some of the results obtained on six case studies, each of which illustrates a unique application of the technique.
Development and validation of transport models for the study of regional acid deposition require improved observations of pollutant transport and dispersion processes. No suitable method for air-parcel tracking along nonconstant density surfaces is available. The feasibility of using an airborne lidar system to observe atmospheric transport and dispersion of fluorescent-dye-particle (FDP) tracers was demonstrated for various meteorological conditions and FDP-release scenarios in the general area of the Cross-Appalachian Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX) during October 1983. This paper presents some of the results obtained on six case studies, each of which illustrates a unique application of the technique.
Spurred by the rising sulfate concentrations in the northeastern United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established the Sulfur Transport and Transformation in the Environment (STATE) program to quantitatively determine the impact on local air quality of distant source pollutants and their transformation products. The first major STATE field study was the August 1978 Tennessee Plume Study conducted near the Cumberland Steam Plant in northwestern Tennessee. Representatives from 25 governmental agencies, universities, research institutes, and private contractors participated in this joint meteorological/chemical study in an attempt to define plume transport, dispersion, transformation, and removal rates under various meteorological conditions. A description of the field activities reveals the preplanned experimental guidelines and the flexibility with which the sampling activities were performed. The analytical priorities have since been established and various investigators are performing analyses of the collected data with results to be forthcoming.
Spurred by the rising sulfate concentrations in the northeastern United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established the Sulfur Transport and Transformation in the Environment (STATE) program to quantitatively determine the impact on local air quality of distant source pollutants and their transformation products. The first major STATE field study was the August 1978 Tennessee Plume Study conducted near the Cumberland Steam Plant in northwestern Tennessee. Representatives from 25 governmental agencies, universities, research institutes, and private contractors participated in this joint meteorological/chemical study in an attempt to define plume transport, dispersion, transformation, and removal rates under various meteorological conditions. A description of the field activities reveals the preplanned experimental guidelines and the flexibility with which the sampling activities were performed. The analytical priorities have since been established and various investigators are performing analyses of the collected data with results to be forthcoming.
