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- Author or Editor: John R. Mather x
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A method of computing daily values of soil moisture from climatic data is described and comparisons with measured soil moisture values are given. Because the soil moisture values are obtained from climatic data only, past values of soil moisture content, unavailable otherwise, can be determined for any place for which climatic data are available. A long record of soil moisture is computed for one locality and estimates of the probabilities of occurrence of different levels of soil moisture are made. Such estimates are essential in any realistic long range planning.
A method of computing daily values of soil moisture from climatic data is described and comparisons with measured soil moisture values are given. Because the soil moisture values are obtained from climatic data only, past values of soil moisture content, unavailable otherwise, can be determined for any place for which climatic data are available. A long record of soil moisture is computed for one locality and estimates of the probabilities of occurrence of different levels of soil moisture are made. Such estimates are essential in any realistic long range planning.
The present paper deals with a study of the dimensions of precipitation areas as they appear on the radar scopes. Measurements of the vertical thickness and the horizontal diameter of these areas are made for both cold- and warm-frontal weather situations. It is found that echoes associated with cold fronts are taller in vertical extent and smaller horizontally than echoes associated with warm fronts. There is a small seasonal variation. Echo dimensions are also compared with the stability of the air. As the air becomes more unstable the precipitation echoes become larger both vertically and horizontally.
The present paper deals with a study of the dimensions of precipitation areas as they appear on the radar scopes. Measurements of the vertical thickness and the horizontal diameter of these areas are made for both cold- and warm-frontal weather situations. It is found that echoes associated with cold fronts are taller in vertical extent and smaller horizontally than echoes associated with warm fronts. There is a small seasonal variation. Echo dimensions are also compared with the stability of the air. As the air becomes more unstable the precipitation echoes become larger both vertically and horizontally.
Abstract
Storms resulting in damage to the East Coast of the United States over the past 42 years have been classified into eight different synoptic situations: hurricanes; wave developments well east of the southeast coast or in the vicinity of Cuba; wave developments over Florida or the nearby Atlantic coastal waters; wave developments in the Gulf of Mexico west of 85W longitude; inland depressions that deepen upon reaching the coast; secondary cyclonic disturbances in the Hatteras area; intense cyclones moving north-eastward, west of the coast; and strong cold fronts with associated squall lines. The seasonal and geographical distributions of these storm types are investigated. Coastal storms of moderate to severe intensity might be expected at any place along the East Coast of the United States on an average of once every 1.4 years in New York and New Jersey, the area of most frequent occurrence, to once every 4.2 years in Georgia, the area of least frequent occurrence.
Abstract
Storms resulting in damage to the East Coast of the United States over the past 42 years have been classified into eight different synoptic situations: hurricanes; wave developments well east of the southeast coast or in the vicinity of Cuba; wave developments over Florida or the nearby Atlantic coastal waters; wave developments in the Gulf of Mexico west of 85W longitude; inland depressions that deepen upon reaching the coast; secondary cyclonic disturbances in the Hatteras area; intense cyclones moving north-eastward, west of the coast; and strong cold fronts with associated squall lines. The seasonal and geographical distributions of these storm types are investigated. Coastal storms of moderate to severe intensity might be expected at any place along the East Coast of the United States on an average of once every 1.4 years in New York and New Jersey, the area of most frequent occurrence, to once every 4.2 years in Georgia, the area of least frequent occurrence.
Abstract
Study of the frequency of damaging storms along the east coast of the United States during the past 40 years has revealed a significant increase in the past decade. Reasons for this increase are analyzed. It is concluded that man's generally unrestricted development of the outer coastal margin as well as a slight intensification of coastal cyclones have both contributed. Assuming no change in coastal development or meteorological conditions in the future, a storm damaging as much of the coast as the one in March 1962 would be expected once every 20 years. Based on recent storm damage experience, the New England coastal area and the region around Cape Hatteras appear to be particularly vulnerable to storm damage. The New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware coast and the coast from South Carolina to Florida seem to have a relatively low storm damage potential.
Abstract
Study of the frequency of damaging storms along the east coast of the United States during the past 40 years has revealed a significant increase in the past decade. Reasons for this increase are analyzed. It is concluded that man's generally unrestricted development of the outer coastal margin as well as a slight intensification of coastal cyclones have both contributed. Assuming no change in coastal development or meteorological conditions in the future, a storm damaging as much of the coast as the one in March 1962 would be expected once every 20 years. Based on recent storm damage experience, the New England coastal area and the region around Cape Hatteras appear to be particularly vulnerable to storm damage. The New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware coast and the coast from South Carolina to Florida seem to have a relatively low storm damage potential.
