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- Author or Editor: Kurt F. Schmitt x
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Abstract
The parameterizations of the sensible heat and moisture fluxes by the bulk aerodynamic formulas are determined from a compilation of existing data, together with some new results. The data set comprised 152 determinations of the sensible heat flux and 30 of the moisture flux from experiments in which the fluxes were measured directly over water with suitable turbulence instrumentation. Least-square-error fits were performed on the data. The moisture flux (and therefore the latent heat flux) is adequately described by the bulk formula with a coefficient of 1.32 × 10−3. The parameterization of the sensible heat flux is complicated, for the data show 1) a small positive heat flux for zero temperature difference between the air and sea surface, 2) the coefficient for stable conditions is smaller than for unstable conditions, and 3) the coefficient appears to increase at high wind speeds, as shown by the data of Smith and Banke (1975). Separate bulk formulas are presented for the sensible heat flux for the different conditions of the temperature field.
Abstract
The parameterizations of the sensible heat and moisture fluxes by the bulk aerodynamic formulas are determined from a compilation of existing data, together with some new results. The data set comprised 152 determinations of the sensible heat flux and 30 of the moisture flux from experiments in which the fluxes were measured directly over water with suitable turbulence instrumentation. Least-square-error fits were performed on the data. The moisture flux (and therefore the latent heat flux) is adequately described by the bulk formula with a coefficient of 1.32 × 10−3. The parameterization of the sensible heat flux is complicated, for the data show 1) a small positive heat flux for zero temperature difference between the air and sea surface, 2) the coefficient for stable conditions is smaller than for unstable conditions, and 3) the coefficient appears to increase at high wind speeds, as shown by the data of Smith and Banke (1975). Separate bulk formulas are presented for the sensible heat flux for the different conditions of the temperature field.
Abstract
Measurements of turbulent wind velocity, humidity and temperature spectra for stable and unstable stratification in the atmospheric surface layer obtained during an experiment over the North Pacific Ocean are presented. The velocity field appears to be in a state of local isotropy as measured by the ratio of vertical to streamwise velocity spectra S u(n>/ S u(n> at the measurement height of 29 m above the sea surface. Using Monin-Obukhov scaling, spectral shapes for humidity are similar to those for overland temperature. Evidence is presented which suggests that previous departures of marine temperature measurements from Monin-Obukhobzv similarity may be due to humidity sensitivity of salt-spray-contaminated temperature probes. Overland humidity data from the AFCRL-UCSD 1973 Minnesota Experiment (Champagne et al., 1977) were analyzed and also found to exhibit Monin-Obukhov similarity.
Abstract
Measurements of turbulent wind velocity, humidity and temperature spectra for stable and unstable stratification in the atmospheric surface layer obtained during an experiment over the North Pacific Ocean are presented. The velocity field appears to be in a state of local isotropy as measured by the ratio of vertical to streamwise velocity spectra S u(n>/ S u(n> at the measurement height of 29 m above the sea surface. Using Monin-Obukhov scaling, spectral shapes for humidity are similar to those for overland temperature. Evidence is presented which suggests that previous departures of marine temperature measurements from Monin-Obukhobzv similarity may be due to humidity sensitivity of salt-spray-contaminated temperature probes. Overland humidity data from the AFCRL-UCSD 1973 Minnesota Experiment (Champagne et al., 1977) were analyzed and also found to exhibit Monin-Obukhov similarity.
