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Abstract
The hurricane season of the eastern North Pacific basin is summarized and individual tropical cyclones are described. The number of tropical cyclones was near normal. Hurricane Pauline’s rainfall flooding killed more than 200 people in the Acapulco, Mexico, area. Linda became the strongest hurricane on record in this basin with 160-kt 1-min winds.
Abstract
The hurricane season of the eastern North Pacific basin is summarized and individual tropical cyclones are described. The number of tropical cyclones was near normal. Hurricane Pauline’s rainfall flooding killed more than 200 people in the Acapulco, Mexico, area. Linda became the strongest hurricane on record in this basin with 160-kt 1-min winds.
Abstract
The 1989 eastern Pacific hurricane season is summarized. Seventeen tropical storms were tracked, of which nine became hurricanes. Cosme, Kiko and Raymond made landfall in Mexico and ten deaths were attributed to Cosme from inland flash flooding.
Abstract
The 1989 eastern Pacific hurricane season is summarized. Seventeen tropical storms were tracked, of which nine became hurricanes. Cosme, Kiko and Raymond made landfall in Mexico and ten deaths were attributed to Cosme from inland flash flooding.
Abstract
The 1986 hurricane season for the Atlantic basin is summarized. Six named tropical cyclones were tracked; two hurricanes, Bonnie and Charley, crossed the United States coastline.
Abstract
The 1986 hurricane season for the Atlantic basin is summarized. Six named tropical cyclones were tracked; two hurricanes, Bonnie and Charley, crossed the United States coastline.
Abstract
A summary of the 1978 Atlantic hurricane season is presented including detailed accounts of individual storms. There were 11 named storms this year of which five reached hurricane force. Three storms made landfall along the Gulf of Mexico coastline, two in the United States and the other in Mexico. Hurricane Greta affected portions of Central America.
Abstract
A summary of the 1978 Atlantic hurricane season is presented including detailed accounts of individual storms. There were 11 named storms this year of which five reached hurricane force. Three storms made landfall along the Gulf of Mexico coastline, two in the United States and the other in Mexico. Hurricane Greta affected portions of Central America.
Abstract
A summary of the 1977 Atlantic hurricane season is presented along with detailed accounts of individual storms.
This season was a rather inactive one, with fewer storms than normal. Anita was an intense hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico, but made landfall along a sparsely populated section of the Mexican coast. Babe was the only named storm to cross the United States coastline this year.
Abstract
A summary of the 1977 Atlantic hurricane season is presented along with detailed accounts of individual storms.
This season was a rather inactive one, with fewer storms than normal. Anita was an intense hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico, but made landfall along a sparsely populated section of the Mexican coast. Babe was the only named storm to cross the United States coastline this year.
Abstract
A summary of the 1976 Atlantic hurricane season is presented along with detailed accounts of individual storms.
Interesting aspects of the 1976 season include the absence of any named storms in either the Gulf of Mexico or Caribbean Sea. Two storms in the central north Atlantic recurved toward the cast at unusually low latitudes. Hurricane Belle struck Long Island after weakening dramatically during the 24 h period prior to landfall.
Abstract
A summary of the 1976 Atlantic hurricane season is presented along with detailed accounts of individual storms.
Interesting aspects of the 1976 season include the absence of any named storms in either the Gulf of Mexico or Caribbean Sea. Two storms in the central north Atlantic recurved toward the cast at unusually low latitudes. Hurricane Belle struck Long Island after weakening dramatically during the 24 h period prior to landfall.
Abstract
A summary of the 1984 Atlantic hurricane season is given. Twelve tropical cyclones and one subtropical cyclone were tracked in the North Atlantic–Caribbean–Gulf of Mexico region. Diana was a landfalling hurricane on the North Carolina coast and Lili was a rare December hurricane.
Abstract
A summary of the 1984 Atlantic hurricane season is given. Twelve tropical cyclones and one subtropical cyclone were tracked in the North Atlantic–Caribbean–Gulf of Mexico region. Diana was a landfalling hurricane on the North Carolina coast and Lili was a rare December hurricane.
Abstract
The National Hurricane Center tracked a record-breaking 27 tropical cyclones in the eastern North Pacific Ocean during 1992. Of the 27, 24 became tropical storms (also a record) and 14 became hurricanes. These records are based on data starting in 1966, which is when routine satellite surveillance began. Four hurricanes affected mainland Mexico.
Abstract
The National Hurricane Center tracked a record-breaking 27 tropical cyclones in the eastern North Pacific Ocean during 1992. Of the 27, 24 became tropical storms (also a record) and 14 became hurricanes. These records are based on data starting in 1966, which is when routine satellite surveillance began. Four hurricanes affected mainland Mexico.
Tropical cyclone track forecasts issued by the Tropical Prediction Center/National Hurricane Center for the Atlantic basin have improved over the period 1970–98. Improvement is shown at 24, 48, and 72 h. Although this improvement can be shown without any preconditioning of the data, the question of accounting for forecast difficulty is addressed, building upon the work of Neumann. A decrease in the initial position errors over the same period is also shown.
Track forecast errors generated by the Atlantic climatology and persistence (CLIPER) model (run in “best-track” mode) are used as a measure of forecast difficulty. Using the annual average CLIPER errors in a regression against the official forecast errors yields an equation giving an expected error for each year under consideration. The expected error (representing forecast difficulty) is then subtracted from the observed official errors. The resulting set of differences can then be examined for long-term trends, difficulty having been accounted for.
Fitting a straight line to these differences (1970–98) yields the result that official forecast errors have decreased by an average of 1.0% per year at 24 h, by 1.7% per year at 48 h, and by 1.9% per year at 72 h. A second-order fit, however, suggests that the rate of improvement has increased during the latter half of the period.
Tropical cyclone track forecasts issued by the Tropical Prediction Center/National Hurricane Center for the Atlantic basin have improved over the period 1970–98. Improvement is shown at 24, 48, and 72 h. Although this improvement can be shown without any preconditioning of the data, the question of accounting for forecast difficulty is addressed, building upon the work of Neumann. A decrease in the initial position errors over the same period is also shown.
Track forecast errors generated by the Atlantic climatology and persistence (CLIPER) model (run in “best-track” mode) are used as a measure of forecast difficulty. Using the annual average CLIPER errors in a regression against the official forecast errors yields an equation giving an expected error for each year under consideration. The expected error (representing forecast difficulty) is then subtracted from the observed official errors. The resulting set of differences can then be examined for long-term trends, difficulty having been accounted for.
Fitting a straight line to these differences (1970–98) yields the result that official forecast errors have decreased by an average of 1.0% per year at 24 h, by 1.7% per year at 48 h, and by 1.9% per year at 72 h. A second-order fit, however, suggests that the rate of improvement has increased during the latter half of the period.
Abstract
The 1990 hurricane season is summarized, including accounts of individual storms. Fourteen tropical stormswere tracked of which eight became hurricanes. Only one storm, Marco, hit the United States.
Abstract
The 1990 hurricane season is summarized, including accounts of individual storms. Fourteen tropical stormswere tracked of which eight became hurricanes. Only one storm, Marco, hit the United States.
