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- Author or Editor: Robert Cataneo x
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Abstract
Raindrop-size distributions obtained with the drop camera have been used to determine rainfall rate-radar reflectivity relationships for nine different locations throughout the world. Since the climates sampled were quite varied, an extrapolation of these Z-R relationships to other areas of the world with similar “drop-spectra climates” can be performed. Two climatic parameters, the mean annual per cent of rain days that are thunderstorm days, and the mean annual relative humidity at 0.5 km above ground, were found to be highly correlated with the coefficient A and exponent b in the Z-R equation, Z = ARb . Regression equations based on the two climatic parameters were determined, permitting an estimation of the Z-R relationship for any area once the parameters are obtained.
Abstract
Raindrop-size distributions obtained with the drop camera have been used to determine rainfall rate-radar reflectivity relationships for nine different locations throughout the world. Since the climates sampled were quite varied, an extrapolation of these Z-R relationships to other areas of the world with similar “drop-spectra climates” can be performed. Two climatic parameters, the mean annual per cent of rain days that are thunderstorm days, and the mean annual relative humidity at 0.5 km above ground, were found to be highly correlated with the coefficient A and exponent b in the Z-R equation, Z = ARb . Regression equations based on the two climatic parameters were determined, permitting an estimation of the Z-R relationship for any area once the parameters are obtained.
Abstract
In order to improve the accuracy with which radar estimates rainfall rates and amounts, a method has been developed whereby the rainfall rate-radar reflectivity relationships may be estimated for approaching precipitation. The estimating equation is based on atmospheric parameters which may be obtained in advance of precipitation, from standard radiosonde data. Comparisons are made between the present model and other methods concerning their effectiveness in determining appropriate rainfall rate-radar reflectivity relationships.
Abstract
In order to improve the accuracy with which radar estimates rainfall rates and amounts, a method has been developed whereby the rainfall rate-radar reflectivity relationships may be estimated for approaching precipitation. The estimating equation is based on atmospheric parameters which may be obtained in advance of precipitation, from standard radiosonde data. Comparisons are made between the present model and other methods concerning their effectiveness in determining appropriate rainfall rate-radar reflectivity relationships.
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Abstract
Raindrop-size spectra obtained with the raindrop camera have been analyzed from two locations, Island Beach, N. J., and Franklin, N. C. The spectra were analyzed with respect to total number of drops per average rain rate per cubic meter of sample, geometric mean diameter, mode diameter, and the diameter of drops at which half the liquid water content lies above that diameter and half below. The results indicate that the distributions from both locations are quite similar for corresponding rainfall rates. Rainfall rate-radar reflectivity relationships indicate that cold frontal rains in these areas generally have smaller drops than warm frontal rains. In addition, it was found that upslope rains are composed of smaller drops than rains of similar synoptic conditions without upslope effects. Finally, a small sampling of a tropical storm rain revealed that small drops may be characteristic of this type of rain.
Abstract
Raindrop-size spectra obtained with the raindrop camera have been analyzed from two locations, Island Beach, N. J., and Franklin, N. C. The spectra were analyzed with respect to total number of drops per average rain rate per cubic meter of sample, geometric mean diameter, mode diameter, and the diameter of drops at which half the liquid water content lies above that diameter and half below. The results indicate that the distributions from both locations are quite similar for corresponding rainfall rates. Rainfall rate-radar reflectivity relationships indicate that cold frontal rains in these areas generally have smaller drops than warm frontal rains. In addition, it was found that upslope rains are composed of smaller drops than rains of similar synoptic conditions without upslope effects. Finally, a small sampling of a tropical storm rain revealed that small drops may be characteristic of this type of rain.
Abstract
In the development of raindrops from cloud droplets in warm rain, the collision-coalescence process is considered to be the main growth mechanism for droplets of unequal size greater than 20 μm in diameter. However, due to the wake effect, the possibility of equal-sized droplets colliding does exist for some maximum vertical separation of the droplets. An empirical study has been performed which led to the determination of the maximum vertical separation required, as a function of droplet size, for equal-sized droplets to be influenced by the wake effect.
Abstract
In the development of raindrops from cloud droplets in warm rain, the collision-coalescence process is considered to be the main growth mechanism for droplets of unequal size greater than 20 μm in diameter. However, due to the wake effect, the possibility of equal-sized droplets colliding does exist for some maximum vertical separation of the droplets. An empirical study has been performed which led to the determination of the maximum vertical separation required, as a function of droplet size, for equal-sized droplets to be influenced by the wake effect.
