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- Author or Editor: Steven B. Newman x
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Abstract
One method of evaluating forecast skill is to compare probability forecasts of temperature and precipitation to a “persistence climatology” (CLIMO) for a given location. In the absence of such data, forecasters at Central Connecticut State University have been using the CLIMO developed for Albany, New York by Bosart (1975) as the benchmark for skill in ongoing daily forecasting of minimum temperature and precipitation.
Over thirty years of local climatological data have been analyzed and a persistence climatology for both interior (Windsor Locks, Connecticut) and coastal (Bridgeport, Connecticut) regions has been developed and interpreted with respect to both synoptic and climatological situations. The probabilities of colder than normal minimum temperatures and measurable precipitation are quite similar at both locations. In addition, these probabilities are similar to those for Albany in spite of the geographic differences among the three locales.
Abstract
One method of evaluating forecast skill is to compare probability forecasts of temperature and precipitation to a “persistence climatology” (CLIMO) for a given location. In the absence of such data, forecasters at Central Connecticut State University have been using the CLIMO developed for Albany, New York by Bosart (1975) as the benchmark for skill in ongoing daily forecasting of minimum temperature and precipitation.
Over thirty years of local climatological data have been analyzed and a persistence climatology for both interior (Windsor Locks, Connecticut) and coastal (Bridgeport, Connecticut) regions has been developed and interpreted with respect to both synoptic and climatological situations. The probabilities of colder than normal minimum temperatures and measurable precipitation are quite similar at both locations. In addition, these probabilities are similar to those for Albany in spite of the geographic differences among the three locales.
Abstract
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Abstract
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The Third International Conference on School and Popular Meteorological and Oceanographic Education was held 14–18 July 1993 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This conference was attended by approximately 150 educators, meteorologists, oceanographers, and government officials representing 12 countries. The themes of this conference were the role of meteorology and oceanography in the formal science education of students in grades K-12 and the enhancement of scientific literacy of the public in order to permit individuals to make better use of products and services provided by the national environmental services and the media. Sixty formal presentations plus two poster sessions and six workshops provided information on educational programs as well as a variety of classroom activities on meteorological and oceanographic topics.
The Third International Conference on School and Popular Meteorological and Oceanographic Education was held 14–18 July 1993 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This conference was attended by approximately 150 educators, meteorologists, oceanographers, and government officials representing 12 countries. The themes of this conference were the role of meteorology and oceanography in the formal science education of students in grades K-12 and the enhancement of scientific literacy of the public in order to permit individuals to make better use of products and services provided by the national environmental services and the media. Sixty formal presentations plus two poster sessions and six workshops provided information on educational programs as well as a variety of classroom activities on meteorological and oceanographic topics.
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission and a summary of selected scientific findings to date. ATom was an airborne measurements and modeling campaign aimed at characterizing the composition and chemistry of the troposphere over the most remote regions of the Pacific, Southern, Atlantic, and Arctic Oceans, and examining the impact of anthropogenic and natural emissions on a global scale. These remote regions dominate global chemical reactivity and are exceptionally important for global air quality and climate. ATom data provide the in situ measurements needed to understand the range of chemical species and their reactions, and to test satellite remote sensing observations and global models over large regions of the remote atmosphere. Lack of data in these regions, particularly over the oceans, has limited our understanding of how atmospheric composition is changing in response to shifting anthropogenic emissions and physical climate change. ATom was designed as a global-scale tomographic sampling mission with extensive geographic and seasonal coverage, tropospheric vertical profiling, and detailed speciation of reactive compounds and pollution tracers. ATom flew the NASA DC-8 research aircraft over four seasons to collect a comprehensive suite of measurements of gases, aerosols, and radical species from the remote troposphere and lower stratosphere on four global circuits from 2016 to 2018. Flights maintained near-continuous vertical profiling of 0.15–13-km altitudes on long meridional transects of the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins. Analysis and modeling of ATom data have led to the significant early findings highlighted here.
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission and a summary of selected scientific findings to date. ATom was an airborne measurements and modeling campaign aimed at characterizing the composition and chemistry of the troposphere over the most remote regions of the Pacific, Southern, Atlantic, and Arctic Oceans, and examining the impact of anthropogenic and natural emissions on a global scale. These remote regions dominate global chemical reactivity and are exceptionally important for global air quality and climate. ATom data provide the in situ measurements needed to understand the range of chemical species and their reactions, and to test satellite remote sensing observations and global models over large regions of the remote atmosphere. Lack of data in these regions, particularly over the oceans, has limited our understanding of how atmospheric composition is changing in response to shifting anthropogenic emissions and physical climate change. ATom was designed as a global-scale tomographic sampling mission with extensive geographic and seasonal coverage, tropospheric vertical profiling, and detailed speciation of reactive compounds and pollution tracers. ATom flew the NASA DC-8 research aircraft over four seasons to collect a comprehensive suite of measurements of gases, aerosols, and radical species from the remote troposphere and lower stratosphere on four global circuits from 2016 to 2018. Flights maintained near-continuous vertical profiling of 0.15–13-km altitudes on long meridional transects of the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins. Analysis and modeling of ATom data have led to the significant early findings highlighted here.
