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, droplet size, and cloud longevity [i.e., the so-called indirect effects of aerosols ( Twomey 1977 )]. The deployment of satellite-based active [e.g., Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS)] and passive instruments [e.g., Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectance (POLDER
, droplet size, and cloud longevity [i.e., the so-called indirect effects of aerosols ( Twomey 1977 )]. The deployment of satellite-based active [e.g., Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS)] and passive instruments [e.g., Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectance (POLDER
our ability to predict future climate change are associated with uncertainties in the distribution and properties of aerosols and clouds and their interactions, as well as with limitations in how aerosols and clouds are represented in global climate models ( Solomon et al. 2007 ). The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission was developed as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) program in
our ability to predict future climate change are associated with uncertainties in the distribution and properties of aerosols and clouds and their interactions, as well as with limitations in how aerosols and clouds are represented in global climate models ( Solomon et al. 2007 ). The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission was developed as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) program in
there is a simple relationship between layer-integrated depolarization ratio and multiple scatter of layer-integrated backscatter. This relationship agrees reasonably well with ground-based measurements ( Hu et al. 2006 ) and CALIPSO observations ( Hu 2007 ; Hu et al. 2007 ): This relationship is shown as the curved blue line in Fig. 4 . The water cloud observations are clustered close to the theoretical curve in both the left (January 2007; lidar pointing at 0.3° off nadir) and right
there is a simple relationship between layer-integrated depolarization ratio and multiple scatter of layer-integrated backscatter. This relationship agrees reasonably well with ground-based measurements ( Hu et al. 2006 ) and CALIPSO observations ( Hu 2007 ; Hu et al. 2007 ): This relationship is shown as the curved blue line in Fig. 4 . The water cloud observations are clustered close to the theoretical curve in both the left (January 2007; lidar pointing at 0.3° off nadir) and right
-wavelength polarization-sensitive lidar [the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)], a three-channel imaging infrared radiometer (IIR), and a single-channel high-resolution wide field-of-view camera (WFC). Although all three instruments provide high-quality observations of clouds and aerosols, CALIOP alone provides the height-resolved measurements that provide a long-term global mapping of the vertical structure of the earth’s atmosphere. CALIOP measures elastic backscatter at 532 and
-wavelength polarization-sensitive lidar [the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)], a three-channel imaging infrared radiometer (IIR), and a single-channel high-resolution wide field-of-view camera (WFC). Although all three instruments provide high-quality observations of clouds and aerosols, CALIOP alone provides the height-resolved measurements that provide a long-term global mapping of the vertical structure of the earth’s atmosphere. CALIOP measures elastic backscatter at 532 and
1. Introduction On 28 April 2006, eight years of close collaboration between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) came to fruition with the launch of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California ( Winker et al. 2007 ). Launched simultaneously with the Cloudsat satellite aboard a single Delta-II rocket, CALIPSO is now an integral part of
1. Introduction On 28 April 2006, eight years of close collaboration between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) came to fruition with the launch of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California ( Winker et al. 2007 ). Launched simultaneously with the Cloudsat satellite aboard a single Delta-II rocket, CALIPSO is now an integral part of
1. Introduction The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations ( CALIPSO ) satellite, was launched in April 2006 ( Winker et al. 2007 ), in formation with the CloudSat satellite, as part of the A-Train constellation of satellites ( Stephens et al. 2002 ). The main objectives of the CALIPSO mission are to provide global measurements of cloud and aerosol spatial distributions and optical properties
1. Introduction The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations ( CALIPSO ) satellite, was launched in April 2006 ( Winker et al. 2007 ), in formation with the CloudSat satellite, as part of the A-Train constellation of satellites ( Stephens et al. 2002 ). The main objectives of the CALIPSO mission are to provide global measurements of cloud and aerosol spatial distributions and optical properties
1. Introduction This paper describes the design and performance of the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), a three-channel elastic backscatter lidar that is the prime payload instrument on the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation ( CALIPSO ) satellite. It provides background material for a collection of CALIOP algorithm papers that are to be published in the Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology ( Winker et al. 2009 ). CALIPSO was
1. Introduction This paper describes the design and performance of the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), a three-channel elastic backscatter lidar that is the prime payload instrument on the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation ( CALIPSO ) satellite. It provides background material for a collection of CALIOP algorithm papers that are to be published in the Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology ( Winker et al. 2009 ). CALIPSO was
1. Introduction The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission ( Winker et al. 2003 ) joined the A-Train ( Stephens et al. 2002 ) constellation of satellites in late April 2006 and began acquiring scientific data in mid-June of that year. CALIPSO carries three, coaligned, nadir-viewing instruments: a dual-wavelength, dual-polarization lidar ( Winker et al. 2007 ), an imaging infrared radiometer ( Chomette et al. 2003 ) and a wide-field camera ( Pitts et al
1. Introduction The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission ( Winker et al. 2003 ) joined the A-Train ( Stephens et al. 2002 ) constellation of satellites in late April 2006 and began acquiring scientific data in mid-June of that year. CALIPSO carries three, coaligned, nadir-viewing instruments: a dual-wavelength, dual-polarization lidar ( Winker et al. 2007 ), an imaging infrared radiometer ( Chomette et al. 2003 ) and a wide-field camera ( Pitts et al
