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a questionnaire survey administered to 202 local farmers on the distribution of livestock in Wolong Nature Reserve ( Wang et al. 2018b ) to define HGDAs versus LGDAs. Specifically, we defined Weijiagou as an HGDA because of a relatively high livestock sign density of 5.84 animals km −2 and defined Yinchangou as an LGDA because of its relatively low livestock sign density of 0.17 animals km −2 ( Fig. 1 ). The elevation span and vegetation communities of two mesoscale study areas (Yinchanggou
a questionnaire survey administered to 202 local farmers on the distribution of livestock in Wolong Nature Reserve ( Wang et al. 2018b ) to define HGDAs versus LGDAs. Specifically, we defined Weijiagou as an HGDA because of a relatively high livestock sign density of 5.84 animals km −2 and defined Yinchangou as an LGDA because of its relatively low livestock sign density of 0.17 animals km −2 ( Fig. 1 ). The elevation span and vegetation communities of two mesoscale study areas (Yinchanggou
Scaling the Laws of Thermal Imaging–Based Whale Detectionclose-by elusive animals and animal farther out. For the thermal (IR) system, the often-large numbers of diving gannets in the area, apparently feeding on the same prey as the humpbacks, often lead to the detection algorithm running into its computational limit and subsequently dropping frames, thus missing detections. We anticipate that such problems are owed to the land-based setting of our study, and are unlikely to occur on a ship-based scenario. Comparison of performance, P ( A | B ), on a
close-by elusive animals and animal farther out. For the thermal (IR) system, the often-large numbers of diving gannets in the area, apparently feeding on the same prey as the humpbacks, often lead to the detection algorithm running into its computational limit and subsequently dropping frames, thus missing detections. We anticipate that such problems are owed to the land-based setting of our study, and are unlikely to occur on a ship-based scenario. Comparison of performance, P ( A | B ), on a
in Puerto Rico . Proc. Senepol Symp., St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, University of the Virgin Islands, 13 pp. [Available online at http://www.uvi.edu/sites/uvi/Documents/AES/Animal%20Science/Cianzio1.pdf .] INGC, 2009: Synthesis report—INGC climate change report: Study on the impact of climate change on disaster risk in Mozambique. B. van Logchem and R. Brito, Eds., INGC, Mozambique, 48 pp. [Available online at http://www.undp.org.mz/en/Publications/Other-Publications/INGC-Climate-Change-Report-Study
in Puerto Rico . Proc. Senepol Symp., St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, University of the Virgin Islands, 13 pp. [Available online at http://www.uvi.edu/sites/uvi/Documents/AES/Animal%20Science/Cianzio1.pdf .] INGC, 2009: Synthesis report—INGC climate change report: Study on the impact of climate change on disaster risk in Mozambique. B. van Logchem and R. Brito, Eds., INGC, Mozambique, 48 pp. [Available online at http://www.undp.org.mz/en/Publications/Other-Publications/INGC-Climate-Change-Report-Study
: An overview of using weather radar for climatological studies: Successes, challenges, and potential . Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 100 , 1739 – 1752 , https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0166.1 . 10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0166.1 Shamoun-Baranes , J. , and Coauthors , 2014 : Continental-scale radar monitoring of the aerial movements of animals . Mov. Ecol. , 2 , 9 , https://doi.org/10.1186/2051-3933-2-9 . 10.1186/2051-3933-2-9 Shamoun-Baranes , J. , and Coauthors , 2021
: An overview of using weather radar for climatological studies: Successes, challenges, and potential . Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 100 , 1739 – 1752 , https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0166.1 . 10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0166.1 Shamoun-Baranes , J. , and Coauthors , 2014 : Continental-scale radar monitoring of the aerial movements of animals . Mov. Ecol. , 2 , 9 , https://doi.org/10.1186/2051-3933-2-9 . 10.1186/2051-3933-2-9 Shamoun-Baranes , J. , and Coauthors , 2021
and females in various age classes. For this application the focus was on the balance of pasture availability and animal weight gain not on herd dynamics or breeding strategies (e.g., calving time), which operate on time horizons longer than a season. As such, GRASP was sufficient to capture the key linkages between pasture production, beef production, and climate variability, which were the focus of this study. Nonetheless, a more complex biophysical model would allow for more nuanced stocking
and females in various age classes. For this application the focus was on the balance of pasture availability and animal weight gain not on herd dynamics or breeding strategies (e.g., calving time), which operate on time horizons longer than a season. As such, GRASP was sufficient to capture the key linkages between pasture production, beef production, and climate variability, which were the focus of this study. Nonetheless, a more complex biophysical model would allow for more nuanced stocking
the main issues in studying ROS. There is an abundance of evidence in the form of eyewitness accounts and animal mortality that ROS occurred and had a larger magnitude than was recorded. This is not surprising given the relatively small area of impact relative to the resolution of the datasets, but is nonetheless an issue when trying to even qualitatively estimate the impacts of such events. Also, even though firsthand accounts indicated heavier rains occurred than were recorded, it still is
the main issues in studying ROS. There is an abundance of evidence in the form of eyewitness accounts and animal mortality that ROS occurred and had a larger magnitude than was recorded. This is not surprising given the relatively small area of impact relative to the resolution of the datasets, but is nonetheless an issue when trying to even qualitatively estimate the impacts of such events. Also, even though firsthand accounts indicated heavier rains occurred than were recorded, it still is
profiles ( Thorpe 1977 ). In contrast to these general arguments, Huntley and Zhou (2004) took a “tail up” approach to biologically induced mixing by analyzing the hydrodynamic characteristics of marine animals. They began with the work of a single swimmer to overcome drag, e d = u c D , where u c is the cruising speed, D is the drag, and the units are watts. The expression used for drag is D = (1/2) ρC d A w u c 2 , where C d = 0.072Re −0.2 is the drag coefficient for a flat plate, A w
profiles ( Thorpe 1977 ). In contrast to these general arguments, Huntley and Zhou (2004) took a “tail up” approach to biologically induced mixing by analyzing the hydrodynamic characteristics of marine animals. They began with the work of a single swimmer to overcome drag, e d = u c D , where u c is the cruising speed, D is the drag, and the units are watts. The expression used for drag is D = (1/2) ρC d A w u c 2 , where C d = 0.072Re −0.2 is the drag coefficient for a flat plate, A w
not been fully understood, and the common spatial classification approaches are either subjective or based on the time-averaged migratory behavior and therefore neglect year-to-year variability ( Hawkins 1984 ; La Sorte et al. 2014b ; Olsen et al. 2006 ). Those studies that consider interannual variability are limited to observations from individual sites ( Van Buskirk et al. 2009 ; Oliver et al. 2020 ; Ballard et al. 2003 ). To fill these voids, we have proposed a new geographic framework
not been fully understood, and the common spatial classification approaches are either subjective or based on the time-averaged migratory behavior and therefore neglect year-to-year variability ( Hawkins 1984 ; La Sorte et al. 2014b ; Olsen et al. 2006 ). Those studies that consider interannual variability are limited to observations from individual sites ( Van Buskirk et al. 2009 ; Oliver et al. 2020 ; Ballard et al. 2003 ). To fill these voids, we have proposed a new geographic framework
Bayesian Classification of Nonmeteorological Targets in Polarimetric Doppler Radar Measurementsbeyond. Additional challenges can also arise from irreversible quality control (QC) procedures a posteriori ( Shamoun-Baranes et al. 2021 ). The method presented in this paper can easily solve issues in application-dependent QC by providing per-bin probabilistic assessment of utility for, e.g., QPE or animal quantification. Referring to the already extensive scientific utilization of weather radars in bird migration studies the method described in this paper, together with the method of Jatau et
beyond. Additional challenges can also arise from irreversible quality control (QC) procedures a posteriori ( Shamoun-Baranes et al. 2021 ). The method presented in this paper can easily solve issues in application-dependent QC by providing per-bin probabilistic assessment of utility for, e.g., QPE or animal quantification. Referring to the already extensive scientific utilization of weather radars in bird migration studies the method described in this paper, together with the method of Jatau et
1. Comment Factors influencing snow leopard habitat use have been the focal area of numerous studies across the snow leopard range (e.g., Alexander et al. 2016 ; Chundawat 1990 ; Forrest et al. 2012 ; Schaller 1998 ; Sharma et al. 2021 ; Wolf and Ale 2009 ; Yang et al. 2021 ). These studies are often conducted at landscape or regional scales to better understand species–habitat relationships and to establish conservation priorities. Large expanses of snow leopard habitat overlap
1. Comment Factors influencing snow leopard habitat use have been the focal area of numerous studies across the snow leopard range (e.g., Alexander et al. 2016 ; Chundawat 1990 ; Forrest et al. 2012 ; Schaller 1998 ; Sharma et al. 2021 ; Wolf and Ale 2009 ; Yang et al. 2021 ). These studies are often conducted at landscape or regional scales to better understand species–habitat relationships and to establish conservation priorities. Large expanses of snow leopard habitat overlap
