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1. Introduction With a summit elevation of 6190 m MSL, Denali, formerly known as Mount McKinley, is the highest mountain on the North American continent. As such, it has long been popular with climbers despite its reputation for extreme cold and generally harsh weather conditions. From 1990 to 2007, an automatic weather station (AWS) was intermittently operational at Denali Pass (5715 m MSL; 63°04.749′ N, 151°01.747′ W), a col located on the West Buttress route in relative proximity to the
1. Introduction With a summit elevation of 6190 m MSL, Denali, formerly known as Mount McKinley, is the highest mountain on the North American continent. As such, it has long been popular with climbers despite its reputation for extreme cold and generally harsh weather conditions. From 1990 to 2007, an automatic weather station (AWS) was intermittently operational at Denali Pass (5715 m MSL; 63°04.749′ N, 151°01.747′ W), a col located on the West Buttress route in relative proximity to the
the automatic weather station (AWS) design, which integrates a number of instruments and sensors with data logging and communication. Section 4 describes the individual sensor specification, which was determined by the science requirements for Saharan weather and climate science. Section 5 details specific technological solutions, and section 6 outlines the quality control processes and the expected sources of error in the measurements made. In section 7 , we illustrate the potential
the automatic weather station (AWS) design, which integrates a number of instruments and sensors with data logging and communication. Section 4 describes the individual sensor specification, which was determined by the science requirements for Saharan weather and climate science. Section 5 details specific technological solutions, and section 6 outlines the quality control processes and the expected sources of error in the measurements made. In section 7 , we illustrate the potential
DECEMBER 1946LOUVAN E. WOOD115AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATIONS By Louvan E. woodFriez Instrument Division, Bendix Aviation Corporation, Baltimore (Manuscript received 3 May 1946)ABSTRACTThe history of automatic weather stations is mentioned and the Navy-type station described. Thisstation operates unattended for extended periods of time and broadcasts measurements of atmosphericpressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind
DECEMBER 1946LOUVAN E. WOOD115AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATIONS By Louvan E. woodFriez Instrument Division, Bendix Aviation Corporation, Baltimore (Manuscript received 3 May 1946)ABSTRACTThe history of automatic weather stations is mentioned and the Navy-type station described. Thisstation operates unattended for extended periods of time and broadcasts measurements of atmosphericpressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind
compared to a set of observations. In this instance, surface observations from the University of Wisconsin automatic weather stations (AWSs) were used. The AWSs take measurements of temperature, pressure, wind speed, and wind direction at an interval of 10 min. These observations are then processed by the Antarctic Meteorological Research Center of the University of Wisconsin where the data are quality controlled and a time series of 3-hourly observations is created. The quality control is a manual
compared to a set of observations. In this instance, surface observations from the University of Wisconsin automatic weather stations (AWSs) were used. The AWSs take measurements of temperature, pressure, wind speed, and wind direction at an interval of 10 min. These observations are then processed by the Antarctic Meteorological Research Center of the University of Wisconsin where the data are quality controlled and a time series of 3-hourly observations is created. The quality control is a manual
APRIL 1989 MARILYN M. WOLFSON 307The FLOWS Automatic Weather Station Network MARILYN M. WOLFSONLincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, Massachusetts(Manuscript received 25 January 1988, in final form 8 August 1988) ABSTRACT This report describes in detail the FLOWS (FAA-Lincoln Laboratory Operational Weather Studies
APRIL 1989 MARILYN M. WOLFSON 307The FLOWS Automatic Weather Station Network MARILYN M. WOLFSONLincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, Massachusetts(Manuscript received 25 January 1988, in final form 8 August 1988) ABSTRACT This report describes in detail the FLOWS (FAA-Lincoln Laboratory Operational Weather Studies
A quest for automated meteorological observations in the Antarctic leads to a continentwide network of automatic weather stations supporting research and forecasting. THE QUEST FOR AN AUTONOMOUS WEATHER STATION (1950S AND 1960S). Obtaining weather observations has been an important part of scientific discovery since the early days of exploration in the Antarctic. Understanding Antarctica's weather was one of the primary objectives of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957/58 and led
A quest for automated meteorological observations in the Antarctic leads to a continentwide network of automatic weather stations supporting research and forecasting. THE QUEST FOR AN AUTONOMOUS WEATHER STATION (1950S AND 1960S). Obtaining weather observations has been an important part of scientific discovery since the early days of exploration in the Antarctic. Understanding Antarctica's weather was one of the primary objectives of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957/58 and led
% increase in the payload. The first automatic weather station (AWS) unit near all three runway facilities was installed near the wrecked aircraft named Pegasus in January 1989. It provided atmospheric pressure, air temperature, and wind speed and direction data until the unit was removed in November 1989. The data record over this time period showed that the Pegasus AWS site monthly mean air temperature was approximately 1°C warmer than the monthly mean temperature at Ferrell AWS site, approximately 88
% increase in the payload. The first automatic weather station (AWS) unit near all three runway facilities was installed near the wrecked aircraft named Pegasus in January 1989. It provided atmospheric pressure, air temperature, and wind speed and direction data until the unit was removed in November 1989. The data record over this time period showed that the Pegasus AWS site monthly mean air temperature was approximately 1°C warmer than the monthly mean temperature at Ferrell AWS site, approximately 88
observational studies of the low-level structure of NCFR-bearing cold fronts has been the paucity of surface data, both spatially and temporally. In this paper, we use a time-compositing analysis of 1-min data from the U.K. automatic weather station network to analyze a set of 15 NCFRs at a spatial resolution of ~5 km. Seven of these NCFRs produced at least one tornado. The aims of the study are threefold. A primary aim is to document some of the smaller-mesoscale structure in surface wind, temperature, and
observational studies of the low-level structure of NCFR-bearing cold fronts has been the paucity of surface data, both spatially and temporally. In this paper, we use a time-compositing analysis of 1-min data from the U.K. automatic weather station network to analyze a set of 15 NCFRs at a spatial resolution of ~5 km. Seven of these NCFRs produced at least one tornado. The aims of the study are threefold. A primary aim is to document some of the smaller-mesoscale structure in surface wind, temperature, and
VelocityDistribution in Certain Simple Current Systems, 11.Journ. of Mar. Res., Vol. 1, pp. 239-263.A BUOY AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION'By W. E. Knowles Middleton2 and L. E. Coffey 3 (Manuscript Received September 4, 1945)1. Introduction. At an air station on the northshore of Lake Ontario, it has been somewhat difficultto forecast the heginning or ending of fog in the absence of information regarding the temperature of thelake surface. It was not considered sufficient to measure this near the shore only, because
VelocityDistribution in Certain Simple Current Systems, 11.Journ. of Mar. Res., Vol. 1, pp. 239-263.A BUOY AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION'By W. E. Knowles Middleton2 and L. E. Coffey 3 (Manuscript Received September 4, 1945)1. Introduction. At an air station on the northshore of Lake Ontario, it has been somewhat difficultto forecast the heginning or ending of fog in the absence of information regarding the temperature of thelake surface. It was not considered sufficient to measure this near the shore only, because
inaccessibility, their harsh climate, or both conditions. Among these regions are the great polar ice sheets, which may be most affected by projected rising global temperatures associated with increases in greenhouse gas concentrations ( Houghton et al. 1996 ). In order to document the current climate state as well as to provide the raw data needed to improve predictive models, University of Wisconsin researchers installed a series of multisensor automatic weather stations (AWS) in the vicinity of the
inaccessibility, their harsh climate, or both conditions. Among these regions are the great polar ice sheets, which may be most affected by projected rising global temperatures associated with increases in greenhouse gas concentrations ( Houghton et al. 1996 ). In order to document the current climate state as well as to provide the raw data needed to improve predictive models, University of Wisconsin researchers installed a series of multisensor automatic weather stations (AWS) in the vicinity of the
