Search Results
reproduce observations. Joint probability of landfall location and landfall power are presented in section 5 . Local damage functions, linking hurricane power at landfall with corresponding socioeconomic losses, are calibrated in section 6 , and these functions are used to assess how economic damages from hurricane may evolve on the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. Conclusions and proposed future research are presented in section 7 . 2. Datasets and methods The U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts are
reproduce observations. Joint probability of landfall location and landfall power are presented in section 5 . Local damage functions, linking hurricane power at landfall with corresponding socioeconomic losses, are calibrated in section 6 , and these functions are used to assess how economic damages from hurricane may evolve on the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. Conclusions and proposed future research are presented in section 7 . 2. Datasets and methods The U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts are
Assessment Toolkit (DAT; Camp et al. 2014 ). The DAT consists of an application available for smartphones and tablets, and a web application for access to data. DAT interfaces allow surveyors to quickly make EF-scale ratings by marking the DI and the corresponding degree of damage (DoD) for each damaged structure while simultaneously geotagging the structure and potentially adding other metadata, such as a photograph. The use of the DAT during the survey allowed teams to send information back to the NWC
Assessment Toolkit (DAT; Camp et al. 2014 ). The DAT consists of an application available for smartphones and tablets, and a web application for access to data. DAT interfaces allow surveyors to quickly make EF-scale ratings by marking the DI and the corresponding degree of damage (DoD) for each damaged structure while simultaneously geotagging the structure and potentially adding other metadata, such as a photograph. The use of the DAT during the survey allowed teams to send information back to the NWC
LaDue 2015 ; Smith et al. 2015 , 2020a , b ; Gibbs 2016 ; Thompson et al. 2017 ; Gibbs and Bowers 2019 ), and historical tornado event documentation (e.g., Fuhrmann et al. 2014 ). While tree-fall fraction and pattern estimation of tornado intensity are relatively new damage assessment techniques, the evaluation of tree damage from tornadoes is not a novel pursuit. Fujita (1989) utilized tree-fall damage in Grand Teton National Park to estimate the intensity of an extremely large tornado
LaDue 2015 ; Smith et al. 2015 , 2020a , b ; Gibbs 2016 ; Thompson et al. 2017 ; Gibbs and Bowers 2019 ), and historical tornado event documentation (e.g., Fuhrmann et al. 2014 ). While tree-fall fraction and pattern estimation of tornado intensity are relatively new damage assessment techniques, the evaluation of tree damage from tornadoes is not a novel pursuit. Fujita (1989) utilized tree-fall damage in Grand Teton National Park to estimate the intensity of an extremely large tornado
1. Introduction Various risks to paddy rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production from future climate change have been assessed. Under the projected climate conditions, the rice cultivation period will be prolonged in Japan ( Ohta and Kimura 2007 ), and shifting the transplanting date in the warm region was thought to be one of the countermeasures to avoid heat damage (e.g., Okada et al. 2011 ) and to maximize production ( Yokozawa et al. 2009 ). However, those results were not well considered from
1. Introduction Various risks to paddy rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production from future climate change have been assessed. Under the projected climate conditions, the rice cultivation period will be prolonged in Japan ( Ohta and Kimura 2007 ), and shifting the transplanting date in the warm region was thought to be one of the countermeasures to avoid heat damage (e.g., Okada et al. 2011 ) and to maximize production ( Yokozawa et al. 2009 ). However, those results were not well considered from
1. Introduction Postevent assessment of wind fields in tornadoes or other small-scale damaging wind phenomena like downbursts (see Doswell 2001 for an overview) is a topic of great practical and scientific relevance. Intensity, that is, peak wind speed and subsequently the Fujita-scale rating (F scale; e.g., Fujita 1981 ; cf. Table 1 ), of such events is usually inferred from site surveys or aerial photography of the damage swaths. This method is not without shortcomings (cf. Doswell and
1. Introduction Postevent assessment of wind fields in tornadoes or other small-scale damaging wind phenomena like downbursts (see Doswell 2001 for an overview) is a topic of great practical and scientific relevance. Intensity, that is, peak wind speed and subsequently the Fujita-scale rating (F scale; e.g., Fujita 1981 ; cf. Table 1 ), of such events is usually inferred from site surveys or aerial photography of the damage swaths. This method is not without shortcomings (cf. Doswell and
events (e.g., Yuan et al. 2002 ; Molthan et al. 2014 ; Kingfield and de Beurs 2017 ), have included a satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; Rouse et al. 1974 ) in their assessments of storm damage. Generally, decreased NDVI values were observed where vegetation damage was observed, compared to undamaged vegetation. Klimowski et al. (1998) and Parker et al. (2005) evaluated satellite observations of hail event damage from general categorizations of the damage to
events (e.g., Yuan et al. 2002 ; Molthan et al. 2014 ; Kingfield and de Beurs 2017 ), have included a satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; Rouse et al. 1974 ) in their assessments of storm damage. Generally, decreased NDVI values were observed where vegetation damage was observed, compared to undamaged vegetation. Klimowski et al. (1998) and Parker et al. (2005) evaluated satellite observations of hail event damage from general categorizations of the damage to
examines national lightning data and associated lightning-related impact statistics from 2003 onward to provide beneficial assessment products that contain analyses, trends, and alerts pertinent to a changing climate. The lightning-caused impacts (and affected U.S. economic sectors) of primary focus in this study include death/injury (human-health sector), crop-damage costs (agriculture sector), insurance claims by home owners (personal-property sector), and the frequency and burn acreage of wildland
examines national lightning data and associated lightning-related impact statistics from 2003 onward to provide beneficial assessment products that contain analyses, trends, and alerts pertinent to a changing climate. The lightning-caused impacts (and affected U.S. economic sectors) of primary focus in this study include death/injury (human-health sector), crop-damage costs (agriculture sector), insurance claims by home owners (personal-property sector), and the frequency and burn acreage of wildland
. , Rosowsky D. V. , and Sparks P. R. , 2001 : Long-term hurricane risk assessment and expected damage to residential structures . Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. , 74 , 239 – 249 . ISO , cited 2013 : Property claims services. [Available online at http://www.iso.com/Products/Property-Claim-Services/Property-Claim-Services-PCS-info-on-losses-from-catastrophes.html .] Jagger, T. H. , Elsner J. B. , and Burch R. K. , 2011 : Climate and solar signals in property damage losses from hurricanes
. , Rosowsky D. V. , and Sparks P. R. , 2001 : Long-term hurricane risk assessment and expected damage to residential structures . Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. , 74 , 239 – 249 . ISO , cited 2013 : Property claims services. [Available online at http://www.iso.com/Products/Property-Claim-Services/Property-Claim-Services-PCS-info-on-losses-from-catastrophes.html .] Jagger, T. H. , Elsner J. B. , and Burch R. K. , 2011 : Climate and solar signals in property damage losses from hurricanes
Following a severe weather event, meteorologists in NOAA’s National Weather Service (NWS) typically perform a detailed damage assessment if a tornado has been observed or suspected, complementing activities by emergency managers, affected citizens, insurance providers, and supporting organizations. Collection of damage assessment information includes collaborations with these groups during the event, site visits, rigorous data entry, and quality control to synthesize key details into the
Following a severe weather event, meteorologists in NOAA’s National Weather Service (NWS) typically perform a detailed damage assessment if a tornado has been observed or suspected, complementing activities by emergency managers, affected citizens, insurance providers, and supporting organizations. Collection of damage assessment information includes collaborations with these groups during the event, site visits, rigorous data entry, and quality control to synthesize key details into the
vulnerability is imperative. The impact of climate change in terms of social and economic aspects is an important topic in current research; however, most climate change impact assessment models are characterized by a lack of compelling empirically derived damage functions. Therefore, further studies must be performed to quantify the relationship between TC-induced DELs and other drivers within a risk framework, and they should focus not only on the hazard and exposure effects, but also on vulnerability
vulnerability is imperative. The impact of climate change in terms of social and economic aspects is an important topic in current research; however, most climate change impact assessment models are characterized by a lack of compelling empirically derived damage functions. Therefore, further studies must be performed to quantify the relationship between TC-induced DELs and other drivers within a risk framework, and they should focus not only on the hazard and exposure effects, but also on vulnerability
