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APRIL, 1922. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW.THE PROBLEM OF AORICULTURAL ECOLOGY.ByG. AZZI.[Internatid Institute of Agriculture, Rome, Italy, Apr. 6,lm.I193' I We mud m e u n i m d v to #he practice of ?nvdurino swd atiaolcd not only to the region. W to the fndfufduolloedity."--C. S. Brand, United States Department of Agriculture.Too little attention has been paid up to the present to the study of environment in agriculture. As yield is theresult of a compromise between specific product,ivity and
APRIL, 1922. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW.THE PROBLEM OF AORICULTURAL ECOLOGY.ByG. AZZI.[Internatid Institute of Agriculture, Rome, Italy, Apr. 6,lm.I193' I We mud m e u n i m d v to #he practice of ?nvdurino swd atiaolcd not only to the region. W to the fndfufduolloedity."--C. S. Brand, United States Department of Agriculture.Too little attention has been paid up to the present to the study of environment in agriculture. As yield is theresult of a compromise between specific product,ivity and
, and management practices of water, to inform research activities and their findings, facilitate effective adaptation, and, ultimately, to affect policy. Researchers need conceptual frameworks to interpret local perceptions of water in order to develop and adopt policies that recognize and strengthen the multidimensional role that water plays in communities around the world. This paper provides an example of how the theoretical framework of political ecology may be useful to understand and to
, and management practices of water, to inform research activities and their findings, facilitate effective adaptation, and, ultimately, to affect policy. Researchers need conceptual frameworks to interpret local perceptions of water in order to develop and adopt policies that recognize and strengthen the multidimensional role that water plays in communities around the world. This paper provides an example of how the theoretical framework of political ecology may be useful to understand and to
selection of the snow leopard ( Panthera uncia ) under different livestock grazing intensities . Earth Interact. , 25 , 212 – 214 , https://doi.org/10.1175/EI-D-21-0003.1 . 10.1175/EI-D-21-0003.1 Johnson , D. H. , 1980 : The comparison of usage and availability measurements for evaluating resource preference . Ecology , 61 , 65 – 71 , https://doi.org/10.2307/1937156 . 10.2307/1937156 Kusler , A. , L. M. Elbroch , H. Quigley , and M. Grigione , 2017 : Bed site selection by a
selection of the snow leopard ( Panthera uncia ) under different livestock grazing intensities . Earth Interact. , 25 , 212 – 214 , https://doi.org/10.1175/EI-D-21-0003.1 . 10.1175/EI-D-21-0003.1 Johnson , D. H. , 1980 : The comparison of usage and availability measurements for evaluating resource preference . Ecology , 61 , 65 – 71 , https://doi.org/10.2307/1937156 . 10.2307/1937156 Kusler , A. , L. M. Elbroch , H. Quigley , and M. Grigione , 2017 : Bed site selection by a
for evaluating resource preference . Ecology , 61 , 65 – 71 , https://doi.org/10.2307/1937156 . 10.2307/1937156 Li , J. , Y. W. Ma , N. Jiang , H. Yang , H. X. Zhou , Y. R. Wu , and Y. H. Wu , 2020 : Research progress in conservation biology of snow leopard ( Panthera uncia ) (in Chinese) . Chin. J. Wildl. , 41 , 796 – 805 , https://doi.org/10.19711/j.cnki.issn2310-1490.2020.03.033 . Lu , Q. , Q. Hu , X. Shi , S. Jin , S. Li , and M. Yao , 2019
for evaluating resource preference . Ecology , 61 , 65 – 71 , https://doi.org/10.2307/1937156 . 10.2307/1937156 Li , J. , Y. W. Ma , N. Jiang , H. Yang , H. X. Zhou , Y. R. Wu , and Y. H. Wu , 2020 : Research progress in conservation biology of snow leopard ( Panthera uncia ) (in Chinese) . Chin. J. Wildl. , 41 , 796 – 805 , https://doi.org/10.19711/j.cnki.issn2310-1490.2020.03.033 . Lu , Q. , Q. Hu , X. Shi , S. Jin , S. Li , and M. Yao , 2019
. Kubiske , and S. A. Mostoller . 1994 . Relating wet and dry year ecophysiology to leaf structure in contrasting temperate tree species. Ecology 75 : 123 – 133 . Acherar , M. and S. Rambal . 1992 . Comparative water relations of four Mediterranean oak species. Vegetatio 99–100 : 177 – 184 . Agata , W. and E. Kamata . 1979 . Ecological characteristics and dry matter production of some native grasses in Japan: 1. Annual growth patterns of Sasa nipponica communities. J. Jpn
. Kubiske , and S. A. Mostoller . 1994 . Relating wet and dry year ecophysiology to leaf structure in contrasting temperate tree species. Ecology 75 : 123 – 133 . Acherar , M. and S. Rambal . 1992 . Comparative water relations of four Mediterranean oak species. Vegetatio 99–100 : 177 – 184 . Agata , W. and E. Kamata . 1979 . Ecological characteristics and dry matter production of some native grasses in Japan: 1. Annual growth patterns of Sasa nipponica communities. J. Jpn
routes (Pacific, Central, Mississippi, and Atlantic), largely derived from waterfowl ecology ( Hawkins 1984 ; Lincoln 1935 ; Waller et al. 2018 ). An alternative representation is three routes, western, central, and eastern ( La Sorte et al. 2014b ; Horton et al. 2020 ), although some similarities have been identified between the latter two routes that may be indicative of a larger migration system ( La Sorte et al. 2014b ). However, such a large-scale characterization of migratory routes has
routes (Pacific, Central, Mississippi, and Atlantic), largely derived from waterfowl ecology ( Hawkins 1984 ; Lincoln 1935 ; Waller et al. 2018 ). An alternative representation is three routes, western, central, and eastern ( La Sorte et al. 2014b ; Horton et al. 2020 ), although some similarities have been identified between the latter two routes that may be indicative of a larger migration system ( La Sorte et al. 2014b ). However, such a large-scale characterization of migratory routes has
flows, the European Network for the Radar surveillance of Animal Movement (ENRAM) was established with 24 participating countries including experts in ecology, meteorology, and information science ( Shamoun-Baranes et al. 2014 ). This interdisciplinary collaboration resulted in a data license agreement between ENRAM members and the OPERA network that allows the use of weather radar data for ecological research, the implementation of a data processing pipeline, and the establishment an open access
flows, the European Network for the Radar surveillance of Animal Movement (ENRAM) was established with 24 participating countries including experts in ecology, meteorology, and information science ( Shamoun-Baranes et al. 2014 ). This interdisciplinary collaboration resulted in a data license agreement between ENRAM members and the OPERA network that allows the use of weather radar data for ecological research, the implementation of a data processing pipeline, and the establishment an open access
. Science , 327 , 1457 – 1459 , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1185164 . 10.1126/science.1185164 Bhutiyani , M. R. , V. S. Kale , and N. Pawar , 2010 : Climate change and the precipitation variations in the northwestern Himalaya: 1866–2006 . Int. J. Climatol. , 30 , 535 – 548 , https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1920 . 10.1002/joc.1920 Billings , W. D. , and L. Bliss , 1959 : An alpine snowbank environment and its effects on vegetation, plant development, and productivity . Ecology
. Science , 327 , 1457 – 1459 , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1185164 . 10.1126/science.1185164 Bhutiyani , M. R. , V. S. Kale , and N. Pawar , 2010 : Climate change and the precipitation variations in the northwestern Himalaya: 1866–2006 . Int. J. Climatol. , 30 , 535 – 548 , https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1920 . 10.1002/joc.1920 Billings , W. D. , and L. Bliss , 1959 : An alpine snowbank environment and its effects on vegetation, plant development, and productivity . Ecology
Abstract
Forests are considered the key factor in controlling climate change and extreme climatic events due to their natural role in carbon abatement. However, twenty-first-century economic development is characterized by intensive resource exploitation, energy intensity, population, and urbanization, and hence it is affecting the natural forest habitat. The persistent deforestation and land degradation with limited sustainable forest management and its related services have long-term effects on environmental sustainability. Here, we investigate the impact of forest and its related services on the past decade of China’s carbon emissions while accounting for economic development, urbanization, and fossil fuels. We use several spatial techniques to ascertain the carbon abatement effect of the forestry-driven economy in halting the ecological degradation process. We report that carbon emissions decline across 30 provinces in China through the expansion of forest investment and forest management activities—instead of increasing the forest land without continuous proper management. Besides, the spatial analysis confirms that forest investments and proper management contribute to reducing carbon levels in neighboring provinces. From a policy point of view, it is more than an urgent need for the Chinese government to conduct forest management reforms, and such policies might be helpful to generate new sources of employment and pollution reduction in China.
Abstract
Forests are considered the key factor in controlling climate change and extreme climatic events due to their natural role in carbon abatement. However, twenty-first-century economic development is characterized by intensive resource exploitation, energy intensity, population, and urbanization, and hence it is affecting the natural forest habitat. The persistent deforestation and land degradation with limited sustainable forest management and its related services have long-term effects on environmental sustainability. Here, we investigate the impact of forest and its related services on the past decade of China’s carbon emissions while accounting for economic development, urbanization, and fossil fuels. We use several spatial techniques to ascertain the carbon abatement effect of the forestry-driven economy in halting the ecological degradation process. We report that carbon emissions decline across 30 provinces in China through the expansion of forest investment and forest management activities—instead of increasing the forest land without continuous proper management. Besides, the spatial analysis confirms that forest investments and proper management contribute to reducing carbon levels in neighboring provinces. From a policy point of view, it is more than an urgent need for the Chinese government to conduct forest management reforms, and such policies might be helpful to generate new sources of employment and pollution reduction in China.
