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’s history reflected an accurate accounting of those who made fundamental contributions to the National Weather Service’s creation and subsequent growth during its early history, we were struck by the number of inconsistencies in the historical literature, especially those related to 1) the creation of the first national weather service in the U.S. Army Signal Service in 1870, 2) those who played critical roles in the creation process, and 3) the date of the first official forecast issued by the Army
’s history reflected an accurate accounting of those who made fundamental contributions to the National Weather Service’s creation and subsequent growth during its early history, we were struck by the number of inconsistencies in the historical literature, especially those related to 1) the creation of the first national weather service in the U.S. Army Signal Service in 1870, 2) those who played critical roles in the creation process, and 3) the date of the first official forecast issued by the Army
We would like to thank Dave Schultz and Sean Potter for their interest in and comments on our paper “The myth of Cleveland Abbe: A review of a manufactured history of the creation of the National Weather Service” ( Romano et al. 2022 ; Schultz 2022 ; Potter 2022 ). We may have struck a nerve, perhaps indicating we achieved one of our goals: to address the many variants related to the way the National Weather Service history has been written over the last 150 years. This was a period marked
We would like to thank Dave Schultz and Sean Potter for their interest in and comments on our paper “The myth of Cleveland Abbe: A review of a manufactured history of the creation of the National Weather Service” ( Romano et al. 2022 ; Schultz 2022 ; Potter 2022 ). We may have struck a nerve, perhaps indicating we achieved one of our goals: to address the many variants related to the way the National Weather Service history has been written over the last 150 years. This was a period marked
Romano et al.’s (2022) recent article argues that “the image of held of [Cleveland] Abbe today was actively manufactured” and offers to “shed a clearer light on those who contributed to the creation of what is now called the National Weather Service, which recently celebrated its 150th anniversary.” Part of the Cleveland Abbe story is his role at Monthly Weather Review , which is also celebrating its 150th anniversary and is part of the National Weather Service history. While Romano et al
Romano et al.’s (2022) recent article argues that “the image of held of [Cleveland] Abbe today was actively manufactured” and offers to “shed a clearer light on those who contributed to the creation of what is now called the National Weather Service, which recently celebrated its 150th anniversary.” Part of the Cleveland Abbe story is his role at Monthly Weather Review , which is also celebrating its 150th anniversary and is part of the National Weather Service history. While Romano et al
In discussing the early history of the National Weather Service (NWS) and its predecessor agencies, Romano et al. (2022) make several critical errors and confound the historical record surrounding Cleveland Abbe, one of the key figures in the history of the nation’s weather service. In addition, their reliance on mostly nonprimary sources and their use of conjecture, speculation, and assumptions call into question the veracity of their conclusions, which do not stand the test of critical
In discussing the early history of the National Weather Service (NWS) and its predecessor agencies, Romano et al. (2022) make several critical errors and confound the historical record surrounding Cleveland Abbe, one of the key figures in the history of the nation’s weather service. In addition, their reliance on mostly nonprimary sources and their use of conjecture, speculation, and assumptions call into question the veracity of their conclusions, which do not stand the test of critical
history of forcings is an important determinant of cloud state. This can be interpreted in terms of the time scale for boundary layer adjustment, as governed by surface fluxes, entrainment and subsidence rates, and temperature and humidity profiles of the free troposphere. Accounting for previous meteorological impacts necessitates a Lagrangian perspective on cloud evolution. In addition to the study by Klein et al. (1995) , several other investigations have evaluated stratocumulus dynamics from a
history of forcings is an important determinant of cloud state. This can be interpreted in terms of the time scale for boundary layer adjustment, as governed by surface fluxes, entrainment and subsidence rates, and temperature and humidity profiles of the free troposphere. Accounting for previous meteorological impacts necessitates a Lagrangian perspective on cloud evolution. In addition to the study by Klein et al. (1995) , several other investigations have evaluated stratocumulus dynamics from a
scientific discoveries, and these languages eventually replaced Latin in this regard prior to 1850 ( Gordin 2015 ). Since then, the story of meteorological terminology has spread to a second major topic, namely, the search for equivalent terms between different languages. Despite its long history, meteorology began to emerge as a modern science during the twentieth century ( Fleming 2016 ). The transformation of meteorology into a modern science increased the need for precise terminology, both in terms
scientific discoveries, and these languages eventually replaced Latin in this regard prior to 1850 ( Gordin 2015 ). Since then, the story of meteorological terminology has spread to a second major topic, namely, the search for equivalent terms between different languages. Despite its long history, meteorology began to emerge as a modern science during the twentieth century ( Fleming 2016 ). The transformation of meteorology into a modern science increased the need for precise terminology, both in terms
the world’s longest running and most influential journals for weather research. As Monthly Weather Review enters its 150th year of publication, we look back at its origins and development, recall some of the more noteworthy articles that have filled its pages, and reflect on the impact it has had on the world of meteorology, as well as its legacy, which continues to evolve. Specifically, topics to be covered include its history under the Signal Service in section 2 , the Weather Bureau and
the world’s longest running and most influential journals for weather research. As Monthly Weather Review enters its 150th year of publication, we look back at its origins and development, recall some of the more noteworthy articles that have filled its pages, and reflect on the impact it has had on the world of meteorology, as well as its legacy, which continues to evolve. Specifically, topics to be covered include its history under the Signal Service in section 2 , the Weather Bureau and
1. Introduction This paper presents the history of a computer model and decision-support system (DSS) that facilitates coordination across multiuse reservoirs while incorporating climate information (CI). The history shows that both informal and formal modes of collaborative science may be critical to develop and advance technologies that assist with climate adaptation in water and energy governance. There is an urgent need to adapt to climate change, demanding that we reexamine natural
1. Introduction This paper presents the history of a computer model and decision-support system (DSS) that facilitates coordination across multiuse reservoirs while incorporating climate information (CI). The history shows that both informal and formal modes of collaborative science may be critical to develop and advance technologies that assist with climate adaptation in water and energy governance. There is an urgent need to adapt to climate change, demanding that we reexamine natural
activity across countries over time are readily available. 2, 3 Arguably, however, a better understanding of the effects of hurricanes beyond modern times may fill an important gap in our knowledge of the role of these storms for a number of reasons. Most obviously, it will allow us insight into an aspect of history that for civilizations in the region, hurricanes constituted an important part of life. For example, Mulcahy (2006) argues that “hurricanes shaped the mental and physical world of
activity across countries over time are readily available. 2, 3 Arguably, however, a better understanding of the effects of hurricanes beyond modern times may fill an important gap in our knowledge of the role of these storms for a number of reasons. Most obviously, it will allow us insight into an aspect of history that for civilizations in the region, hurricanes constituted an important part of life. For example, Mulcahy (2006) argues that “hurricanes shaped the mental and physical world of
1. Introduction This monograph is devoted to the history of research advances in the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences. Consistent with this goal, this chapter will concentrate on the support for the scientific research community that has been provided by the American Meteorological Society (AMS) over its first century. It is no exaggeration that AMS has played a fundamental role in advancing the science and its application. Through the efforts of thousands of volunteers
1. Introduction This monograph is devoted to the history of research advances in the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences. Consistent with this goal, this chapter will concentrate on the support for the scientific research community that has been provided by the American Meteorological Society (AMS) over its first century. It is no exaggeration that AMS has played a fundamental role in advancing the science and its application. Through the efforts of thousands of volunteers
